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前面的学习中并未涉及到颜色，现在打算写一个例子，在顶点着色器和片元着色器中加入颜色，绘制有颜色的三角形。

#include <glad/glad.h>//glad必须在glfw头文件之前包含
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>void frameBufferSizeCallbakc(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height)
{glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}
void glfwKeyCallback(GLFWwindow* window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mods)
{
}GLuint program = 0;
GLuint vao = 0;
void prepareVAO()
{//positionsfloat positions[] = {-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,0.0f,  0.5f, 0.0f,};//颜色float colors[] = {1.0f, 0.0f,0.0f,0.0f, 1.0f,0.0f,0.0f, 0.0f,1.0f};//索引unsigned int indices[] = {0, 1, 2,};//2 VBO创建GLuint posVbo = 0;GLuint colorVbo = 0;glGenBuffers(1, &posVbo);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, posVbo);glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(positions), positions, GL_STATIC_DRAW);glGenBuffers(1, &colorVbo);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colorVbo);glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(colors), colors, GL_STATIC_DRAW);//3 EBO创建GLuint ebo = 0;glGenBuffers(1, &ebo);glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ebo);glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);//4 VAO创建vao = 0;glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao);glBindVertexArray(vao);//5 绑定vbo ebo 加入属性描述信息//5.1 加入位置属性描述信息glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, posVbo);glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);//5.2 加入颜色属性描述信息glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colorVbo);glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);//5.2 加入ebo到当前的vaoglBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ebo);glBindVertexArray(0);
}
void prepareShader() {//1 完成vs与fs的源代码，并且装入字符串const char* vertexShaderSource ="#version 330 core\n""layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;\n""layout (location = 1) in vec3 aColor;\n""out vec3 color;\n""void main()\n""{\n""   gl_Position = vec4(aPos.x, aPos.y, aPos.z, 1.0);\n""   color = aColor;\n""}\0";const char* fragmentShaderSource ="#version 330 core\n""out vec4 FragColor;\n""in vec3 color;\n""void main()\n""{\n""   FragColor = vec4(color, 1.0f);\n""}\n\0";//2 创建Shader程序（vs、fs）GLuint vertex, fragment;vertex = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);fragment = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);//3 为shader程序输入shader代码glShaderSource(vertex, 1, &vertexShaderSource, NULL);glShaderSource(fragment, 1, &fragmentShaderSource, NULL);int success = 0;char infoLog[1024];//4 执行shader代码编译 glCompileShader(vertex);//检查vertex编译结果glGetShaderiv(vertex, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);if (!success) {glGetShaderInfoLog(vertex, 1024, NULL, infoLog);std::cout << "Error: SHADER COMPILE ERROR --VERTEX" << "\n" << infoLog << std::endl;}glCompileShader(fragment);//检查fragment编译结果glGetShaderiv(fragment, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);if (!success) {glGetShaderInfoLog(fragment, 1024, NULL, infoLog);std::cout << "Error: SHADER COMPILE ERROR --FRAGMENT" << "\n" << infoLog << std::endl;}//5 创建一个Program壳子program = glCreateProgram();//6 将vs与fs编译好的结果放到program这个壳子里glAttachShader(program, vertex);glAttachShader(program, fragment);//7 执行program的链接操作，形成最终可执行shader程序glLinkProgram(program);//检查链接错误glGetProgramiv(program, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);if (!success) {glGetProgramInfoLog(program, 1024, NULL, infoLog);std::cout << "Error: SHADER LINK ERROR " << "\n" << infoLog << std::endl;}//清理glDeleteShader(vertex);glDeleteShader(fragment);
}void render()
{//执行opengl画布清理操作glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);//1.绑定当前的programglUseProgram(program);//2 绑定当前的vaoglBindVertexArray(vao);//3 发出绘制指令//glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 6);glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 3, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
}int main()
{//初始化glfw环境glfwInit();//设置opengl主版本号glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);//设置opengl次版本号glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);//设置opengl启用核心模式glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);//创建窗体对象GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, "lenarnOpenGL", nullptr, nullptr);//设置当前窗体对象为opengl的绘制舞台glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);//窗体大小回调glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, frameBufferSizeCallbakc);//键盘相应回调glfwSetKeyCallback(window, glfwKeyCallback);//使用glad加载所有当前版本opengl的函数if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress)){std::cout << "初始化glad失败" << std::endl;return -1;};//设置opengl视口大小和清理颜色glViewport(0, 0, 800, 600);glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);//着色器prepareShader();//vaoprepareVAO();//执行窗体循环while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)){//接受并分发窗体消息//检查消息队列是否有需要处理的鼠标、键盘等消息//如果有的话就将消息批量处理，清空队列glfwPollEvents();//渲染操作render();//切换双缓存glfwSwapBuffers(window);}//推出程序前做相关清理glfwTerminate();return 0;
}

在程序中，我们只给了顶点颜色分别为红绿蓝，三角形中其他部分像素颜色是通过插值得来的。