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一、环境说明

说明:源库已经创建数据库实例，并且存在用户kk和他创建的表空间和表，目标库只有数据库软件。

二、备份

2.1.日志清理（源端）

cd $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/beg/beg/trace
find ./ -name "*.trc" -ctime +15|xargs rm -f
find ./ -name "*.trm" -ctime +15|xargs rm -f

2.2.监听日志文件清理（源端）

cd /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/beg/listener/alert
find ./ -name "*.xml" -ctime +15 |xargs rm -f

2.3.审计日志文件清理（源端）

cd /u01/app/oracle/admin/beg/adump
find ./ -name "*.aud" -ctime +15 |xargs rm -f

2.4.数据库目录备份（源端）

su – oracle
cd $ORACLE_HOME
cd ..
tar -cvzf db_home.tar.gz db/	#压缩至db同一目录

2.5.创建备份目录

su – oracle
mkdir –p /u01/app/store
--此目录是为了存储备份文件

2.6.创建rman用户

--创建表空间
CREATE TABLESPACE rman DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BEG/rman.rdf' SIZE 125m AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 50m MAXSIZE 1g;

--创建用户
create user rman identified by rman;
alter user rman default tablespace rman quota unlimited on rman;
--授权
grant recovery_catalog_owner to rman identified by rman;

2.7.备份原数据库

rman catalog rman/rman
--创建catalo
create catalog;
exit

2.8.添加监听

cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
vi tnsnames.ora
##添加以下内容
catalog =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = beg)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = catalog))
)

2.9.注册数据库

rman target / catalog rman/rman@beg
register database;

2.10.开始备份

run {configure controlfile autobackup on;configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '/u01/app/store/%F';allocate channel d1 type disk;allocate channel d2 type disk;backup incremental level=0 database format '/u01/app/store/d_%T_%s.bak';release channel d1;release channel d2;}

源数据库备份完毕，会在备份集目录中看到备份集:

----记录----
RMAN> run {configure controlfile autobackup on;configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '/u01/app/store/%F';allocate channel d1 type disk;allocate channel d2 type disk;backup incremental level=0 database format '/u01/app/store/d_%T_%s.bak';release channel d1;release channel d2;
}old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync completeold RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/u01/app/store/ %F';
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/u01/app/store/%F';
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync completeallocated channel: d1
channel d1: SID=17 device type=DISKallocated channel: d2
channel d2: SID=394 device type=DISKStarting backup at 08-APR-24
channel d1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel d1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BEG/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BEG/users01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BEG/beg_data01.dbf
channel d1: starting piece 1 at 08-APR-24
channel d2: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel d2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BEG/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BEG/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BEG/rman.rdf
channel d2: starting piece 1 at 08-APR-24
channel d2: finished piece 1 at 08-APR-24
piece handle=/u01/app/store/d_20240408_6.bak tag=TAG20240408T170731 comment=NONE
channel d2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel d1: finished piece 1 at 08-APR-24
piece handle=/u01/app/store/d_20240408_5.bak tag=TAG20240408T170731 comment=NONE
channel d1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
Finished backup at 08-APR-24Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 08-APR-24
piece handle=/u01/app/store/c-2243024325-20240408-00 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 08-APR-24released channel: d1released channel: d2

三、在目标数据库还原数据库

3.1.传输备份集到目标端

su – oracle
cd /u01/app/store
scp d_20240408_5.bak d_20240408_6.bak c-2243024325-20240408-00 oracle@rman:/u01/app/store

3.2.传输配置到目标端

scp initbeg.ora orapwbeg oracle@rman:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db/dbs

---在目标端编辑initbeg.ora配置文件
cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
vi initbeg.ora
##在文件末尾添加
_allow_resetlogs_corruption=true

3.3.创建adump目录

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/beg/adump

3.4.以pfile启动目标数据库，启动rman

sas 
startup pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db/dbs/initbeg.ora' nomount;
exit;

---查询源数据库的dnid
select dbid from v$database;

3.5.启动rman

rman
connect target / ;
set dbid=2243024325;

3.6.还原

-----还原控制文件
restore controlfile from '/u01/app/store/c-2243024325-20240408-00’;

-----还原初始配置文件
restore spfile from '/u01/app/store/c-2243024325-20240408-00’;

-----还原数据库
alter database mount;

restore database;

recover database;Alter database open resetlogs;

四、验证

4.1.登录

#因为在源库中kk用户已经创建了，我们使用kk用户登录
sas
conn kk/oracle

4.2.查询

select count(*) from departments;
select count(*) from employees;

五、问题及解决

5.1.命令错误

--问题描述
[oracle@beg:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BEG]$ rman target / catalog rman
………
RMAN-00552: syntax error in command line arguments
RMAN-01009: syntax error: found "rman": expecting one of: "double-quoted-string, identifier, single-quoted-string, "
RMAN-01007: at line 2 column 1 file: command line arguments
--解决办法
将命令修改成如下
rman target / catalog rman/rman@beg--错误原因分析：
不熟悉rman命令导致的，需要对rman深入学习

5.2.非归档下无法进行backup操作

--问题描述
RMAN-03002: failure of backup command at 04/08/2024 16:26:56 
RMAN-06149: cannot BACKUP DATABASE in NOARCHIVELOG mode
--问题分析:
数据库处于NOARCHIVELOG模式下，因此无法执行BACKUP DATABASE命令
--解决办法
切换到ARCHIVELOG模式
ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;

5.3.找不到相关目录

--问题描述:
在进行数据库备份的时候，提到了没有这个文件夹:  
--解决思路: 
起初怀疑是权限问提，在将该目录下以及他的目录之前的权限都赋予了oracle用户还是没有解决，最终排除下来是因为在store /%中间的位置加了一个空格，删除之后问题解。
run {configure controlfile autobackup on;configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '/u01/app/store/%F';allocate channel d1 type disk;allocate channel d2 type disk;backup incremental level=0 database format '/u01/app/store/d_%T_%s.bak';release channel d1;release channel d2;}

5.4.缺少相关目录

--问题描述
在通过pfile文件启动数据库到nomount状态时，报错没找相关目录或文件夹

--解决思路
找出缺失文件或目录，进行创建
--问题解决
报错内容为无法创建审计跟踪文件，检查从源端传输过来的配置文件：

发现这个文件没有创建，创建即可：
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/beg/adump
之后启动正常，问题解决。