功能概述

• PojoUtils是一个工具类，能够进行深度遍历，将简单类型与复杂类型的对象进行转换，在泛化调用时用到（在泛化调用中，主要将Pojo对象与Map对象进行相互转换）

功能分析

核心类PojoUtils分析

主要成员变量分析

private static final ConcurrentMap<String, Method> NAME_METHODS_CACHE = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Method>(); //方法名与Method的缓存（为了减少反射获取Method调用），key的值用类名和参数类型拼接，如："org.apache.dubbo.common.model.Person.setName(java.lang.String)"
private static final ConcurrentMap<Class<?>, ConcurrentMap<String, Field>> CLASS_FIELD_CACHE = new ConcurrentHashMap<Class<?>, ConcurrentMap<String, Field>>(); //字段所在类Class、字段名、字段信息Filed的缓存

主要成员方法分析

generalize将复杂对象转换为简单对象

private static Object generalize(Object pojo, Map<Object, Object> history) { //pojo对象的成员属性（会递归转换，pojo=》Map，直到所有属性为dubbo定义的基本类型）if (pojo == null) {return null;}if (pojo instanceof Enum<?>) {return ((Enum<?>) pojo).name(); //枚举类型，输出枚举的名称}if (pojo.getClass().isArray() && Enum.class.isAssignableFrom(pojo.getClass().getComponentType())) { //处理Enum数组int len = Array.getLength(pojo);String[] values = new String[len];for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) { //枚举数组会转换为String数组，数组元素的值为枚举名values[i] = ((Enum<?>) Array.get(pojo, i)).name();}return values;}if (ReflectUtils.isPrimitives(pojo.getClass())) { //基本类型直接返回，不做处理return pojo;}if (pojo instanceof Class) { //Class类的实例，返回类名称return ((Class) pojo).getName();}Object o = history.get(pojo);if (o != null) {return o;}history.put(pojo, pojo);if (pojo.getClass().isArray()) { //pojo对象为数组类型int len = Array.getLength(pojo);Object[] dest = new Object[len];history.put(pojo, dest);for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {Object obj = Array.get(pojo, i);dest[i] = generalize(obj, history);}return dest;}if (pojo instanceof Collection<?>) { //pojo对象为集合类型Collection<Object> src = (Collection<Object>) pojo;int len = src.size();Collection<Object> dest = (pojo instanceof List<?>) ? new ArrayList<Object>(len) : new HashSet<Object>(len); //区分出List或Set类型，并创建对应的集合实例history.put(pojo, dest);for (Object obj : src) { //遍历集合元素，依次将元素进行转换dest.add(generalize(obj, history));}return dest;}if (pojo instanceof Map<?, ?>) { //pojo对象为Map类型Map<Object, Object> src = (Map<Object, Object>) pojo;Map<Object, Object> dest = createMap(src); //根据原Map类型，创建对应的Map对象history.put(pojo, dest);for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> obj : src.entrySet()) {dest.put(generalize(obj.getKey(), history), generalize(obj.getValue(), history)); //key、value都可能是pojo对象，所以都需要进行转换}return dest;}Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();history.put(pojo, map);if (GENERIC_WITH_CLZ) {map.put("class", pojo.getClass().getName()); //设置pojo对象的Class类}for (Method method : pojo.getClass().getMethods()) {if (ReflectUtils.isBeanPropertyReadMethod(method)) { //判断是否读取bean的方法（即get/is方法）try {/*** 处理步骤：* 1）从方法名中获取到属性名* 2）调用pojo对应的方法获取值，并通过generalize转换（传入history是做临时缓存，若能从history取到则用之）* 3）将属性名和值设置到map中*/map.put(ReflectUtils.getPropertyNameFromBeanReadMethod(method), generalize(method.invoke(pojo), history));} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage(), e);}}}// public fieldfor (Field field : pojo.getClass().getFields()) {if (ReflectUtils.isPublicInstanceField(field)) { //判断是否是公共的实例字段try {Object fieldValue = field.get(pojo);if (history.containsKey(pojo)) {Object pojoGeneralizedValue = history.get(pojo); //已经转换过的字段，就不再转换if (pojoGeneralizedValue instanceof Map&& ((Map) pojoGeneralizedValue).containsKey(field.getName())) {continue;}}if (fieldValue != null) {map.put(field.getName(), generalize(fieldValue, history));}} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage(), e);}}}return map;
}

• 代码分析：generalize方法的作用是把复杂类型对象转换为简单类型的对象，如将Pojo对象转换为Map对象，Pojo对象的成员对象若还是复杂类型，会递归调用进行转换。

realize将简单对象转换为复杂对象

private static Object realize0(Object pojo, Class<?> type, Type genericType, final Map<Object, Object> history) { //将简单类型转换为复杂类型（如：将Map对象转换为指定类型的pojo对象，将Map的属性值，通过set方法设置到pojo对象中，type为目标类型）if (pojo == null) {return null;}if (type != null && type.isEnum() && pojo.getClass() == String.class) { //将String转换为枚举类型return Enum.valueOf((Class<Enum>) type, (String) pojo);}if (ReflectUtils.isPrimitives(pojo.getClass())&& !(type != null && type.isArray()&& type.getComponentType().isEnum()&& pojo.getClass() == String[].class)) { //将String数组转换为枚举数组return CompatibleTypeUtils.compatibleTypeConvert(pojo, type);}Object o = history.get(pojo); //history：当方法在递归调用时，会用到（用缓存使用）if (o != null) {return o;}history.put(pojo, pojo);if (pojo.getClass().isArray()) { //处理数组类型的pojoif (Collection.class.isAssignableFrom(type)) { //目标类型是集合类型Class<?> ctype = pojo.getClass().getComponentType(); //获取数组元素的类型int len = Array.getLength(pojo); //获取数组对应长度Collection dest = createCollection(type, len);history.put(pojo, dest);for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {Object obj = Array.get(pojo, i); //返回数组中指定下标的值Object value = realize0(obj, ctype, null, history); //依次将对象转换为目标类型，如Map转换为pojo类型dest.add(value);}return dest;} else {Class<?> ctype = (type != null && type.isArray() ? type.getComponentType() : pojo.getClass().getComponentType());int len = Array.getLength(pojo);Object dest = Array.newInstance(ctype, len);history.put(pojo, dest);for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {Object obj = Array.get(pojo, i);Object value = realize0(obj, ctype, null, history);Array.set(dest, i, value);}return dest;}}if (pojo instanceof Collection<?>) { //处理集合类型的pojoif (type.isArray()) { //集合转换为数组Class<?> ctype = type.getComponentType();Collection<Object> src = (Collection<Object>) pojo;int len = src.size();Object dest = Array.newInstance(ctype, len); //创建指定类型和长度的数组history.put(pojo, dest);int i = 0;for (Object obj : src) {Object value = realize0(obj, ctype, null, history); //将数组中的元素依次转换为指定类型pojo对象Array.set(dest, i, value);i++;}return dest;} else {Collection<Object> src = (Collection<Object>) pojo;int len = src.size();Collection<Object> dest = createCollection(type, len);history.put(pojo, dest);for (Object obj : src) { //遍历集合元素，依次转化到目标类型的pojo对象Type keyType = getGenericClassByIndex(genericType, 0);Class<?> keyClazz = obj == null ? null : obj.getClass();if (keyType instanceof Class) {keyClazz = (Class<?>) keyType;}Object value = realize0(obj, keyClazz, keyType, history);dest.add(value);}return dest;}}if (pojo instanceof Map<?, ?> && type != null) { //处理Map类型的pojo（JSONObject：JSON对象，实现了Map接口，也属于Map的实例对象，所以会进入此处）Object className = ((Map<Object, Object>) pojo).get("class"); //获取Map中的"class"键对应的值，是在generalize方法中设置的（单个的pojo中设置的）if (className instanceof String) {try {type = ClassUtils.forName((String) className); //解析的目标类的Class类} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {// ignore}}// special logic for enumif (type.isEnum()) { //目标类型为枚举Object name = ((Map<Object, Object>) pojo).get("name"); //取出枚举名称if (name != null) {return Enum.valueOf((Class<Enum>) type, name.toString()); //使用枚举名，构建枚举对象}}Map<Object, Object> map;// when return type is not the subclass of return type from the signature and not an interfaceif (!type.isInterface() && !type.isAssignableFrom(pojo.getClass())) { //type非接口且pojo不是type的子类型try {map = (Map<Object, Object>) type.newInstance();Map<Object, Object> mapPojo = (Map<Object, Object>) pojo;map.putAll(mapPojo);if (GENERIC_WITH_CLZ) {map.remove("class");}} catch (Exception e) {//ignore errormap = (Map<Object, Object>) pojo; //type类型不为Map时，使用原始的pojo转换}} else {map = (Map<Object, Object>) pojo; //直接强转为Map类型}if (Map.class.isAssignableFrom(type) || type == Object.class) { //解析的目标类为Map时final Map<Object, Object> result;// fix issue#5939Type mapKeyType = getKeyTypeForMap(map.getClass()); //获取key的泛型参数对应的实际类型Type typeKeyType = getGenericClassByIndex(genericType, 0); //获取目标类型的泛型参数的第一个实际参数boolean typeMismatch = mapKeyType instanceof Class //Type为Class实例时，表明是基本类型或原始类型，如String、int等&& typeKeyType instanceof Class&& !typeKeyType.getTypeName().equals(mapKeyType.getTypeName()); //判断key、value类型为基本类型或原始类型，且类型相同if (typeMismatch) { //输入对象的key与目标Map的key类型不匹配是，创建新的Mapresult = createMap(new HashMap(0));} else {result = createMap(map); //类型匹配时，直接使用目标Map（会转换为具体的Map类型，如：转换为LinkedHashMap类型）}history.put(pojo, result);for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> entry : map.entrySet()) {Type keyType = getGenericClassByIndex(genericType, 0); //获取泛型参数列表指定位置的实际类型Type valueType = getGenericClassByIndex(genericType, 1);Class<?> keyClazz; //获取key参数类型对应的Classif (keyType instanceof Class) { //基本类型或原始类型（如：int、Boolean、String等）keyClazz = (Class<?>) keyType;} else if (keyType instanceof ParameterizedType) { //参数化类型（如：List<ArrayList<String>> 是泛型参数，取实际类型后为ArrayList<String>，实际参数属于参数类型）keyClazz = (Class<?>) ((ParameterizedType) keyType).getRawType();} else { //keyType为Null时，取条目中key的类型（其它类型，如类型变量类型T、通配符类型?等）keyClazz = entry.getKey() == null ? null : entry.getKey().getClass();}Class<?> valueClazz; //获取value参数类型对应的Classif (valueType instanceof Class) {valueClazz = (Class<?>) valueType;} else if (valueType instanceof ParameterizedType) {valueClazz = (Class<?>) ((ParameterizedType) valueType).getRawType();} else {valueClazz = entry.getValue() == null ? null : entry.getValue().getClass();}Object key = keyClazz == null ? entry.getKey() : realize0(entry.getKey(), keyClazz, keyType, history); //递归调用，将key转换为目标类型的对象Object value = valueClazz == null ? entry.getValue() : realize0(entry.getValue(), valueClazz, valueType, history); //递归调用，将value转换为目标类型的对象result.put(key, value);}return result;} else if (type.isInterface()) { //解析的目标类为接口时，产生接口对应的代理类Object dest = Proxy.newProxyInstance(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(), new Class<?>[] {type}, new PojoInvocationHandler(map)); //使用jdk代理机制为接口创代理对象，并指定处理器PojoInvocationHandler，在接口方法被调用时，就会触发处理器中方法执行指定逻辑history.put(pojo, dest);return dest;} else {Object dest = newInstance(type); //构造解析的目标类的实例history.put(pojo, dest); //设置到缓存Map中for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> entry : map.entrySet()) { //遍历Map中的条目，找到对应目标对象的属性，使用反射机制调用Method，依次设置值Object key = entry.getKey();if (key instanceof String) { //只处理key为String的条目String name = (String) key;Object value = entry.getValue();if (value != null) {Method method = getSetterMethod(dest.getClass(), name, value.getClass()); //通过属性获取set方法（从缓存中获取，若没有则通过反射获取Method，再设置到缓存中）Field field = getField(dest.getClass(), name); //获取属性对应的字段Filed信息if (method != null) {if (!method.isAccessible()) {method.setAccessible(true);}Type ptype = method.getGenericParameterTypes()[0]; //获取set方法的第一个参数类型value = realize0(value, method.getParameterTypes()[0], ptype, history); //将值转换为指定类型的对象try {method.invoke(dest, value); //使用反射机制，设置目标对象的属性值} catch (Exception e) {String exceptionDescription = "Failed to set pojo " + dest.getClass().getSimpleName() + " property " + name+ " value " + value + "(" + value.getClass() + "), cause: " + e.getMessage();logger.error(exceptionDescription, e);throw new RuntimeException(exceptionDescription, e);}} else if (field != null) {value = realize0(value, field.getType(), field.getGenericType(), history);try {field.set(dest, value);} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {throw new RuntimeException("Failed to set field " + name + " of pojo " + dest.getClass().getName() + " : " + e.getMessage(), e);}}}}}if (dest instanceof Throwable) { //目标对象为异常对象时，设置异常信息Object message = map.get("message");if (message instanceof String) {try {Field field = Throwable.class.getDeclaredField("detailMessage");if (!field.isAccessible()) {field.setAccessible(true);}field.set(dest, message);} catch (Exception e) {}}}return dest;}}return pojo;}

关联类PojoInvocationHandler分析

类中核心代码分析

private static class PojoInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler { //Pojo代理处理器private Map<Object, Object> map; //在创建代理对象时指定的public PojoInvocationHandler(Map<Object, Object> map) {this.map = map;}@Override@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { //为接口生成代理对象，在调用接口方法时，会回调该方法if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {return method.invoke(map, args);}String methodName = method.getName();Object value = null;if (methodName.length() > 3 && methodName.startsWith("get")) {value = map.get(methodName.substring(3, 4).toLowerCase() + methodName.substring(4)); //截取方法名，获取属性名，从map中获取相应的值} else if (methodName.length() > 2 && methodName.startsWith("is")) {value = map.get(methodName.substring(2, 3).toLowerCase() + methodName.substring(3));} else {value = map.get(methodName.substring(0, 1).toLowerCase() + methodName.substring(1));}if (value instanceof Map<?, ?> && !Map.class.isAssignableFrom(method.getReturnType())) { //返回类型非Map时，调用realize0进行转换value = realize0((Map<String, Object>) value, method.getReturnType(), null, new IdentityHashMap<Object, Object>());}return value;}
}

• 代码分析：在转换的目标类型为接口时type.isInterface()，使用jdk动态代理创建接口的代理对象，PojoInvocationHandler为代理对象的调用处理器，包含了提取属性的逻辑

问题点答疑

• 在realize、generalize方法中都包含了参数Map<Object, Object> history，用途是什么？
  • 解答：在Pojo属性为复杂类型时，即需要递归转换或解析时，就可以把已经处理过的结果放入Map中，传递给下一个转换或解析。下次处理前，会判断是否已经处理过，处理过的就不再处理。这样已经处理过的类型就不用处理了，提升处理性能。

归纳总结

• PojoUtils转换中，简单类型包含：基本类型、Number、Date、元素为基本类型的数组、集合类型等。
• 在类型转换时，会进行递归调用，一直解析到位简单类型为止。