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apache poi 提供了 DataValidation 接口 让我们可以轻松实现 Excel 下拉框数据局校验。但是下拉框联动校验是无法直接通过 DataValidation 实现，所以我们可以通过其他方式间接实现。
步骤如下：
- 创建一个隐藏 sheet
private static void createHiddenSheet(List<String> provinceList, Map<String, String[]> regionMap, Workbook workbook) {String hiddenSheetName = "region";Sheet hiddenSheet = workbook.createSheet(hiddenSheetName);// 这里也可以设置 hidden 为 false 这样可以直接看到 sheet 内容workbook.setSheetHidden(workbook.getSheetIndex(hiddenSheet), true);}
- 将数据放入隐藏 sheet
int rowNum = 0;// 第一行存放省数据Row row = hiddenSheet.createRow(rowNum);for (int i = 0; i < provinceList.size(); i++) {Cell cell = row.createCell(i);cell.setCellValue(provinceList.get(i));}rowNum++;for (String key : regionMap.keySet()) {String[] dataArray = regionMap.get(key);// 循环创建行，每行存放一个数组row = hiddenSheet.createRow(rowNum);// key 放在每行第一个，value 放在每行的后面Cell keyCell = row.createCell(0);keyCell.setCellValue(key);for (int i = 0, length = dataArray.length; i < length; i++) {Cell cell = row.createCell(i + 1);cell.setCellValue(dataArray[i]);}Name name = workbook.createName();// 将key 设置为下拉框的keyname.setNameName(key);String formula = hiddenSheetName + "!$B$" + (rowNum + 1) + ":$" + (convertNumberToLetter(dataArray.length + 1)) + "$" + (rowNum + 1);name.setRefersToFormula(formula);// 可以将formula 放在最后一列Cell formulaCell = row.createCell(dataArray.length + 1);formulaCell.setCellValue(formula);rowNum++;}
- 在主 sheet 中使用 formula 来使用隐藏 sheet 的数据
DataValidationHelper helper = mainSheet.getDataValidationHelper();// 设置省份下拉框CellRangeAddressList provRangeAddressList = new CellRangeAddressList(1, 1000, 0, 0);// formula 为 region!$A$1:$E$1DataValidationConstraint dvConstraint = helper.createFormulaListConstraint("region!$A$1:$" + (convertNumberToLetter(provinceList.size())) + "$1");DataValidation provinceDataValidation = helper.createValidation(dvConstraint, provRangeAddressList);provinceDataValidation.setSuppressDropDownArrow(true);mainSheet.addValidationData(provinceDataValidation);
- 设置联动下拉框
DataValidation
// 设置市下拉框 firstCol lastCol 根据实际情况设置CellRangeAddressList cityRange = new CellRangeAddressList(1, 1000, 1, 1);DataValidationConstraint cityConstraint = helper.createFormulaListConstraint("INDIRECT(A2)");DataValidation cityValidation = helper.createValidation(cityConstraint, cityRange);mainSheet.addValidationData(cityValidation);// 设置县下拉框 firstCol lastCol 根据实际情况设置CellRangeAddressList districtRange = new CellRangeAddressList(1, 1000, 2, 2);DataValidation districtValidation = helper.createValidation(helper.createFormulaListConstraint("INDIRECT(B2)"), districtRange);mainSheet.addValidationData(districtValidation);
- 完整代码如下:
package com.shang;import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddressList;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;/**
* @author: shangwei
* @date: 2024/11/3 13:01
*/
public class ExcelUtil {public static void createExcel(String path, List<String> provinceList, Map<String, String[]> regionMap) {try {Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();createHiddenSheet(provinceList, regionMap, workbook);Sheet mainSheet = workbook.createSheet("mainSheet");// 主sheet 第一行数据String[] titles = {"省", "市", "县"};int rowNum = 0;Row row = mainSheet.createRow(rowNum);for (int i = 0; i < titles.length; i++) {Cell cell = row.createCell(i);cell.setCellValue(titles[i]);}DataValidationHelper helper = mainSheet.getDataValidationHelper();// 设置省份下拉框CellRangeAddressList provRangeAddressList = new CellRangeAddressList(1, 1000, 0, 0);// formula 为 region!$A$1:$E$1DataValidationConstraint dvConstraint = helper.createFormulaListConstraint("region!$A$1:$" + (convertNumberToLetter(provinceList.size())) + "$1");DataValidation provinceDataValidation = helper.createValidation(dvConstraint, provRangeAddressList);provinceDataValidation.setSuppressDropDownArrow(true);mainSheet.addValidationData(provinceDataValidation);// 设置市下拉框 firstCol lastCol 根据实际情况设置CellRangeAddressList cityRange = new CellRangeAddressList(1, 1000, 1, 1);DataValidationConstraint cityConstraint = helper.createFormulaListConstraint("INDIRECT(A2)");DataValidation cityValidation = helper.createValidation(cityConstraint, cityRange);mainSheet.addValidationData(cityValidation);// 设置县下拉框 firstCol lastCol 根据实际情况设置CellRangeAddressList districtRange = new CellRangeAddressList(1, 1000, 2, 2);DataValidation districtValidation = helper.createValidation(helper.createFormulaListConstraint("INDIRECT(B2)"), districtRange);mainSheet.addValidationData(districtValidation);FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(path);workbook.write(fileOutputStream);} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}private static void createHiddenSheet(List<String> provinceList, Map<String, String[]> regionMap, Workbook workbook) {String hiddenSheetName = "region";Sheet hiddenSheet = workbook.createSheet(hiddenSheetName);int rowNum = 0;// 第一行存放省数据Row row = hiddenSheet.createRow(rowNum);for (int i = 0; i < provinceList.size(); i++) {Cell cell = row.createCell(i);cell.setCellValue(provinceList.get(i));}rowNum++;for (String key : regionMap.keySet()) {String[] dataArray = regionMap.get(key);// 循环创建行，每行存放一个数组row = hiddenSheet.createRow(rowNum);// key 放在每行第一个，value 放在每行的后面Cell keyCell = row.createCell(0);keyCell.setCellValue(key);for (int i = 0, length = dataArray.length; i < length; i++) {Cell cell = row.createCell(i + 1);cell.setCellValue(dataArray[i]);}Name name = workbook.createName();// 将key 设置为下拉框的keyname.setNameName(key);String formula = hiddenSheetName + "!$B$" + (rowNum + 1) + ":$" + (convertNumberToLetter(dataArray.length + 1)) + "$" + (rowNum + 1);name.setRefersToFormula(formula);// 可以将formula 放在最后一列Cell formulaCell = row.createCell(dataArray.length + 1);formulaCell.setCellValue(formula);rowNum++;}// 这里也可以设置 hidden 为 false 这样可以直接看到 sheet 内容workbook.setSheetHidden(workbook.getSheetIndex(hiddenSheet), true);}/*** 将数字 1 到 26 转换为对应的字母 A 到 Z。** @param number 要转换的数字，范围是 1 到 26。* @return 对应的字母。*/public static String convertNumberToLetter(int number) {if (number < 1 || number > 26) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Number must be between 1 and 26");}return String.valueOf((char) ('A' + number - 1));}public static void main(String[] args) {Map<String, String[]> regionMap = new HashMap<>();List<String> provinceList = Arrays.asList("湖北省", "湖南省", "广东省", "江苏省", "浙江省");regionMap.put("湖北省", new String[]{"武汉市", "黄石市", "十堰市", "宜昌市", "襄樊市", "鄂州市", "荆门市", "孝感市", "荆州市", "黄冈市", "咸宁市", "随州市"});regionMap.put("湖南省", new String[]{"长沙市", "株洲市", "湘潭市", "衡阳市", "邵阳市", "岳阳市", "常德市", "张家界市", "益阳市", "郴州市", "永州市", "怀化市"});regionMap.put("广东省", new String[]{"广州市", "韶关市", "深圳市", "珠海市", "汕头市", "佛山市", "江门市", "湛江市", "茂名市", "肇庆市", "惠州市", "梅州市", "汕尾市", "河源市", "阳江市", "清远市"});regionMap.put("江苏省", new String[]{"南京市", "无锡市", "徐州市", "常州市", "苏州市", "南通市", "连云港市", "淮安市", "盐城市", "扬州市", "镇江市", "泰州市", "宿迁市"});regionMap.put("浙江省", new String[]{"杭州市", "宁波市", "温州市", "嘉兴市", "湖州市", "绍兴市", "金华市", "衢州市", "舟山市", "台州市", "丽水市"});regionMap.put("武汉市", new String[]{"江岸镇", "江汉镇", "江夏镇", "硚口镇", "武昌镇", "江夏镇"});regionMap.put("黄石市", new String[]{"黄石港镇", "西塞山镇", "下陆镇", "大冶镇", "大冶镇"});String path = "/Users/shangwei/Desktop/example" + System.currentTimeMillis() + ".xlsx";createExcel(path, provinceList, regionMap);}}
相关 Maven 依赖
<dependency><groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId><artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId><version>5.2.3</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>commons-io</groupId><artifactId>commons-io</artifactId><version>2.11.0</version></dependency>
运行截图:
