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前言

本文主要介绍 hash路由 模式的微前端，项目都是基于vite构建，采用qiankun架构，实现方式主要分为两种类型：

1. 主应用使用react@18 + react-router-dom@6，微应用分别使用react@18 + react-router-dom@6、vue3 + vue-router4
2. 主应用使用vue3 + vue-router4，微应用分别使用react@18 + react-router-dom@6、vue3 + vue-router4

一、主应用使用react@18 + react-router-dom@6

1、项目安装

使用vite构建主应用项目，主应用需要安装qiankun，源码地址

代码如下（示例）：

构建项目
pnpm create vite react-app --template react-ts
安装路由
pnpm add react-router-dom
安装qiankun
pnpm add qiankun

2、主应用中注册微应用

代码如下（示例）：主应用main.tsx入口文件添加如下代码

registerMicroApps([{name: "microReactApp",// 子应用名称entry: "http://localhost:8081",// 子应用地址container: "#subapp-viewport",// 子应用挂在主应用的某个id标签下activeRule: "#/microReactApp",// 子应用触发的路由匹配，hash模式需要（#）},{name: "microVueApp",entry: "http://localhost:8082",container: "#subapp-viewport",activeRule: "#/microVueApp",},],{beforeLoad: [(app) => {console.log("[LifeCycle] before load %c%s", "color: green;", app.name);return Promise.resolve();},],beforeMount: [(app) => {console.log("[LifeCycle] before mount %c%s", "color: green;", app.name);return Promise.resolve();},],afterUnmount: [(app) => {console.log("[LifeCycle] after unmount %c%s","color: green;",app.name);return Promise.resolve();},],}
);
start();

3、主应用中设置路由和挂载子应用的组件

代码如下（示例）：主应用路由设置匹配微应用,MicroContain 组件是用来挂在子应用

const router = createHashRouter(
[{path: "microReactApp/*",element: <MicroContain />,},{path: "microVueApp/*",element: <MicroContain />,},
]
)

// MicroContain 组件
const MicroContain = () => {return (<>//subapp-viewport就是上面registerMicroApps的containerz字段用到的id<div id="subapp-viewport" /> </>);
};
export default MicroContain;

二、创建react@18 + react-router-dom@6子应用

1、项目安装

使用vite构建主应用项目，子应用不需要安装qiankun，但是子应用需要安装vite-plugin-qiankun插件，用来解决引用module的错误，源码地址

代码如下（示例）：

构建项目
pnpm create vite micro-react-app --template react-ts
安装路由
pnpm add react-router-dom
安装qiankun
pnpm add vite-plugin-qiankun -D

2、修改子应用 vite.config.ts

代码如下（示例）：

import { defineConfig, loadEnv } from "vite";
import react from "@vitejs/plugin-react";
import qiankun from "vite-plugin-qiankun";export default defineConfig(({ mode }) => {const env = loadEnv(mode, process.cwd(), "");const isDev = env.VITE_APP_ENV == "development";return {plugins: [// microReactApp 要和主应用注册子应用时的名称一样（registerMicroApps的name属性）qiankun("microReactApp", {useDevMode: isDev,}),!isDev && react(),],server: {port: 8081,},};
});

3、修改子应用 main.tsx,区分qiankun环境和独立部署环境

import React from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom/client";
import App from "./App.tsx";
import "./index.css";
import {renderWithQiankun,qiankunWindow,
} from "vite-plugin-qiankun/dist/helper";// ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById("root")!).render(
//   <React.StrictMode>
//     <App />
//   </React.StrictMode>
// );
let instance: any;const render = (props?: any) => {const { container } = props;const rootDom = container? container.querySelector("#root"): document.querySelector("#root");instance = ReactDOM.createRoot(rootDom!);instance.render(<React.StrictMode><App /></React.StrictMode>);
};// some code
renderWithQiankun({mount(props) {console.log("mount");render(props);},bootstrap() {console.log("bootstrap");},unmount(props: any) {console.log("unmount", props);instance.unmount();},update(props: any) {console.log("system app update", props);// console.log(props)},
});if (!qiankunWindow.__POWERED_BY_QIANKUN__) {render({});
}

4、子应用路由需要增加basename配置，用来匹配qiankun环境

代码如下（示例）：

import { qiankunWindow } from "vite-plugin-qiankun/dist/helper";
const router = createHashRouter(
[{index: true, // 默认加载的子路由 使用 index 代替 pathelement: <Home />,}
],
{basename: qiankunWindow.__POWERED_BY_QIANKUN__ ? "/microReactApp" : "/",
}
)

三、创建vue3 + vue-router4子应用

1、项目安装

使用vite构建主应用项目，子应用不需要安装qiankun，但是子应用需要安装vite-plugin-qiankun插件，用来解决引用module的错误，源码地址

代码如下（示例）：

构建项目
pnpm create vite micro-vue-app --template vue-ts
安装路由
pnpm add vue-router
安装qiankun
pnpm add vite-plugin-qiankun -D

2、修改子应用 vite.config.ts

代码如下（示例）：

import { defineConfig, loadEnv } from "vite";
import path from "path";
import vue from "@vitejs/plugin-vue";
import qiankun from "vite-plugin-qiankun";// https://vitejs.dev/config/
export default defineConfig(({ mode }) => {const env = loadEnv(mode, process.cwd(), "");const isDev = env.VITE_APP_ENV == "development";return {resolve: {alias: {"@": path.resolve(__dirname, "./src"),},},plugins: [// microVueApp要和主应用注册子应用时的名称一样（registerMicroApps的name属性）qiankun("microVueApp", {useDevMode: isDev,}),vue(),],css: {preprocessorOptions: {less: {javascriptEnabled: true,},},},server: {port: 8082,},};
});

3、修改子应用 main.ts,区分qiankun环境和独立部署环境

代码如下（示例）：路由列表

const routes = [{path: "/",name: "home",component: () => import("@/views/home/index.vue"),}, // 懒加载{path: "/about",name: "about",component: () =>import(/* webpackChunkName: "about-chunk" */ "@/views/about/index.vue"),}, // 懒加载 - 加分包about-chunk{path: "/route",name: "route",component: () => import("@/views/route/index.vue"),}, // 懒加载
];

代码如下（示例）：

import { App, createApp } from "vue";
import "./style.css";
import AppComponent from "./App.vue";
import {renderWithQiankun,qiankunWindow,
} from "vite-plugin-qiankun/dist/helper";
import routes from "./router";
import { createWebHashHistory, createRouter } from "vue-router";let app: App;
function render(props: any) {const { container } = props;let newRoutes = routes;if (qiankunWindow.__POWERED_BY_QIANKUN__) {/*** 这里的路由需要缓存到pinia或者localstorage,用于渲染菜单* routes多级菜单需要做递归处理，这个只展示一级*/newRoutes = routes.map((item) => {return {...item,path: `/microVueApp${item.path}`,};});}const router = createRouter({history: createWebHashHistory(),routes: newRoutes,});app = createApp(AppComponent);app.use(router).mount(container ? container.querySelector("#app") : "#app");
}// some code
renderWithQiankun({mount(props) {console.log("mount");render(props);},bootstrap() {console.log("bootstrap");},unmount(props: any) {console.log("unmount", props, app);app.unmount();},update(props: any) {console.log("system app update", props);// console.log(props)},
});if (!qiankunWindow.__POWERED_BY_QIANKUN__) {render({});
}

四、主应用使用vue3 + vue-router4

1、项目安装

使用vite构建主应用项目，主应用需要安装qiankun，源码地址

代码如下（示例）：

构建项目
pnpm create vite vue-app --template vue-ts
安装路由
pnpm add react-router-dom
安装qiankun
pnpm add qiankun

2、主应用中注册微应用

代码如下（示例）：主应用main.ts入口文件添加如下代码，和react主应用相比，在这里没有执行start()，应为刷新时会报错挂载的节点没有加载，所以在挂载的组件中执行start()，

import { App, createApp } from "vue";
import "./style.css";
import AppComponent from "./App.vue";
import router from "./router";
import { registerMicroApps } from "qiankun";createApp(AppComponent).use(router).mount("#app");registerMicroApps([{name: "microReactApp",entry: "http://localhost:8081",container: "#subapp-viewport",activeRule: "#/microReactApp",},{name: "microVueApp",entry: "http://localhost:8082",container: "#subapp-viewport",activeRule: "#/microVueApp",},],{beforeLoad: [(app) => {console.log("[LifeCycle] before load %c%s", "color: green;", app.name);return Promise.resolve();},],beforeMount: [(app) => {console.log("[LifeCycle] before mount %c%s", "color: green;", app.name);return Promise.resolve();},],afterUnmount: [(app) => {console.log("[LifeCycle] after unmount %c%s","color: green;",app.name);return Promise.resolve();},],}
);

3、主应用中设置路由和挂载子应用的组件

代码如下（示例）：主应用路由设置匹配微应用,micro组件是用来挂在子应用

import { createWebHashHistory, createRouter } from "vue-router";const routes = [{path: "/",name: "home",component: () => import("@/views/home/index.vue"),}, // 懒加载{path: "/about",name: "about",component: () =>import(/* webpackChunkName: "about-chunk" */ "@/views/about/index.vue"),}, // 懒加载 - 加分包{path: "/route",name: "route",component: () => import("@/views/route/index.vue"),}, // 懒加载{path: "/microVueApp/:pathMatch(.*)*",// path: "/microVueApp/:chapters*",name: "microVueApp",component: () => import("@/views/micro/index.vue"),}, // 懒加载{path: "/microReactApp/:pathMatch(.*)*",// path: "/microVueApp/:chapters*",name: "microReactApp",component: () => import("@/views/micro/index.vue"),}, // 懒加载
];const router = createRouter({history: createWebHashHistory(),routes,
});export default router;

代码如下（示例）：挂在组件

<template><div id="subapp-viewport"></div>
</template><script setup lang="ts">
import { start } from "qiankun";
import { onMounted } from "vue";onMounted(() => {if (!(window as any)?.qiankunStarted) {(window as any).qiankunStarted = true;start();}
});
</script>

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总结

在使用两种不同的主应用去分别挂在两个子应用，发现两个大的区别

1. 主应用qiankun的start()开启的地方

• react项目可以在入口文件main.tsx中注册子应用后直接开启start()。
• vue项目只能在组件挂在的时候去开启start(),否则会在页面刷新的时候，报错不存在挂在节点。

2. 就是vue-router4和react-dom-router两个路由作为子应用的区别

• 子应用中react-dom-router只需要在路由创建的时候添加basename,就可以很轻松配合主应用qiankun注册时的activeRule实现子应用的路由点击
• 子应用vue-router4需要修改整个路由map,添加activeRule前缀，如果是已有的项目改造，就比较麻烦，需要递归路由表，还有路由组件的route-link的to地址，封装编程式导航的事件