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报错分析

报错原因：Maven 构建时，Java 版本配置不匹配

我安装的JDK版本是1.8，但由于种种原因，Maven构建时指定了 Java 17 作为目标发行版，从而导致错误

解决方案

首先，java -version，查看环境变量是否设置为了想要的JDK版本

1.检查pom文件

由于是在Maven构建时报错，所以优先检查pom文件，查看是否在properties中设置了错误的compiler.source或compiler.target：

如上所示则是正确的（因为使用的JDK版本是1.8）

两个参数的含义分别是：

maven.compiler.source设置为 1.8，表示使用 Java 8 的语法规则来编译源代码

maven.compiler.target设置为 1.8，表示生成的字节码版本为 Java 8

2.查看Maven的有效配置

在编译时，可以使用 maven-compiler-plugin 插件指定所使用的JDK的版本，如果没有指定的话，将会使用默认配置，可以通过mvn help:effective-pom指令来查看默认配置，打印输出的内容结构如下：

  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.why</groupId><artifactId>Sort-Array-Desc</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><properties><maven.compiler.compilerVersion>17</maven.compiler.compilerVersion><maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.apache.hive</groupId><artifactId>hive-exec</artifactId><version>3.1.3</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency></dependencies><repositories><repository><snapshots><enabled>false</enabled></snapshots><id>central</id><name>Central Repository</name><url>https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url></repository></repositories><pluginRepositories><pluginRepository><releases><updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy></releases><snapshots><enabled>false</enabled></snapshots><id>central</id><name>Central Repository</name><url>https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url></pluginRepository></pluginRepositories><build><sourceDirectory>D:\codes\java\hive\Sort-Array-Desc\src\main\java</sourceDirectory><scriptSourceDirectory>D:\codes\java\hive\Sort-Array-Desc\src\main\scripts</scriptSourceDirectory><testSourceDirectory>D:\codes\java\hive\Sort-Array-Desc\src\test\java</testSourceDirectory><outputDirectory>D:\codes\java\hive\Sort-Array-Desc\target\classes</outputDirectory><testOutputDirectory>D:\codes\java\hive\Sort-Array-Desc\target\test-classes</testOutputDirectory><resources><resource><directory>D:\codes\java\hive\Sort-Array-Desc\src\main\resources</directory></resource></resources><testResources><testResource><directory>D:\codes\java\hive\Sort-Array-Desc\src\test\resources</directory></testResource></testResources><directory>D:\codes\java\hive\Sort-Array-Desc\target</directory><finalName>Sort-Array-Desc</finalName><pluginManagement><plugins><plugin><artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId><version>1.3</version></plugin><plugin><artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId><version>2.2-beta-5</version></plugin><plugin><artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId><version>2.8</version></plugin><plugin><artifactId>maven-release-plugin</artifactId><version>2.5.3</version></plugin></plugins></pluginManagement><plugins><plugin><artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId><version>3.8.1</version><executions><execution><id>default-compile</id><phase>compile</phase><goals><goal>compile</goal></goals><configuration><source>1.8</source><target>1.8</target></configuration></execution><execution><id>default-testCompile</id><phase>test-compile</phase><goals><goal>testCompile</goal></goals><configuration><source>1.8</source><target>1.8</target></configuration></execution></executions><configuration><source>1.8</source><target>1.8</target></configuration></plugin><plugin><artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId><version>2.5</version><executions><execution><id>default-clean</id><phase>clean</phase><goals><goal>clean</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin><plugin><artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId><version>2.6</version><executions><execution><id>default-testResources</id><phase>process-test-resources</phase><goals><goal>testResources</goal></goals></execution><execution><id>default-resources</id><phase>process-resources</phase><goals><goal>resources</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin><plugin><artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId><version>2.4</version><executions><execution><id>default-jar</id><phase>package</phase><goals><goal>jar</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin><plugin><artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId><version>2.12.4</version><executions><execution><id>default-test</id><phase>test</phase><goals><goal>test</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin><plugin><artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId><version>2.4</version><executions><execution><id>default-install</id><phase>install</phase><goals><goal>install</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin><plugin><artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId><version>2.7</version><executions><execution><id>default-deploy</id><phase>deploy</phase><goals><goal>deploy</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin><plugin><artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId><version>3.3</version><executions><execution><id>default-site</id><phase>site</phase><goals><goal>site</goal></goals><configuration><outputDirectory>D:\codes\java\hive\Sort-Array-Desc\target\site</outputDirectory><reportPlugins><reportPlugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId></reportPlugin></reportPlugins></configuration></execution><execution><id>default-deploy</id><phase>site-deploy</phase><goals><goal>deploy</goal></goals><configuration><outputDirectory>D:\codes\java\hive\Sort-Array-Desc\target\site</outputDirectory><reportPlugins><reportPlugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId></reportPlugin></reportPlugins></configuration></execution></executions><configuration><outputDirectory>D:\codes\java\hive\Sort-Array-Desc\target\site</outputDirectory><reportPlugins><reportPlugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId></reportPlugin></reportPlugins></configuration></plugin></plugins></build><reporting><outputDirectory>D:\codes\java\hive\Sort-Array-Desc\target\site</outputDirectory></reporting>
</project>

可以看到，默认配置中，指定了源代码编译的语法规则以及生成的字节码文件版本都是Java 17，与我们本地的环境不符，因此·会报错：无效的目标发行版17

此时我很奇怪为什么默认会用Java 17的语法去进行编译，于是去查看maven的配置文件settings.xml，结果发现在<profiles></profiles>中添加了一个profile：

可能是之前想要控制maven的默认编译行为，结果忘记了😂

所以解决方案有两种，第一种就是删除这里的配置，由于我所使用的maven版本是3.6.3，默认就是用Java 8 进行编译了：

第二种方法就是使用maven-compiler-plugin插件配置：

    <build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId><version>3.8.1</version><configuration><source>1.8</source><target>1.8</target></configuration></plugin></plugins></build>