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衡水做网站的公司,广州网站制作服务,如何建设手机版网站,免费咨询牙齿问题0. 写在前面 先会骑车，再研究为什么这么骑，才是我认为学习技术的思路，底部付了demo例子，根据例子上面的介绍即可运行。 1. 音视频通话要用到的技术简介 websocket 介绍：1. 服务器可以向浏览器推送信息；2…

0. 写在前面

先会骑车，再研究为什么这么骑，才是我认为学习技术的思路，底部付了demo例子，根据例子上面的介绍即可运行。

1. 音视频通话要用到的技术简介

  1. websocket
    • 介绍：1. 服务器可以向浏览器推送信息；2. 一次握手成功，可持续互相发送信息
    • 在音视频通话钟的作用：1. 作为音视频两个通话终端的桥梁，传递彼此上下线、网络环境等消息，因此他们都叫websocket为“信令服务器”
  2. coturn
    • 介绍：1. 包含stun服务和turn服务，stun可实现两个终端点对点语音通话；turn服务在无法点对点通话时，用作中转音视频流。
  3. webrtc
    • 介绍：1. 开源项目；2. 用于音视频实时互动、游戏、即时通讯、文件传输。

2. webrtc音视频通话开发思路

2.1. webrtc调用时序图

  1. 下图简化了B客户端创建PeerConnection，具体流程要看下面“调用时序图介绍”
    webrtc调用时序图

2.2. 调用时序图介绍

  1. 上图名词介绍
    1. client A：客户端A
    2. Stun Server：穿透服务器，也就是coturn服务器中的Stun
    3. Signal Server：信令服务器，也就是web socket搭建的服务器
    4. client B：客户端B
    5. PeerConnection（WebRtc的接口）
  2. 流程介绍
    1. A客户端先发送信息到信令服务器，信令服务器存储A客户端信息，等待其他客户端加入。
    2. B客户端再发送信息到信令服务器，信令服务器存储B客户端信息，并告知A已有新客户端加入。
    3. A客户端创建 PeerConnection（WebRtc的接口），用于获取本地的网络信息、以及保存对方的网络信息、传递音视频流、监听通话过程状态。（B客户端后面也需要创建PeerConnection）
    4. AddStreams：A客户端添加本地音视频流到PeerConnection
    5. CreateOffer：A客户端创建Offer并发送给信令服务器，由信令服务器转给B客户端。Offer中包含本地的网络信息（SDP）。
    6. CreateAnswer：B客户端收到Offer后，创建放到自己的PeerConnection中，并获取自己的网络信息（SDP），通过发送给信令服务器，由信令服务器转发给A客户端。
    7. 上面步骤进行完毕后，开始通过信令服务器（coturn），双方客户端获取自己的地址作为候选人“candidate”，然后通过websocket发送给对方。彼此拿到候选地址后，互相进行访问测试，建立链接。
    8. OnAddStream：获取对方音视频流，PeerConnection有ontrack监听器能拿到对方视频流数据。

2. 搭建WebSocket服务器

看例子中代码，使用nodejs启动

3. 搭建Coturn音视频穿透服务器

公司内网虚拟机中穿透服务器Coturn的搭建

4. 遇到的问题

后面再慢慢补吧，问题有点多

5. 例子

  1. 客户端代码使用html+js编写
  2. WebSocket代码使用js编写使用nodejs运行
  3. android端代码请下载：WebRtcAndroidDemo

5.1 客户端代码

  1. 引入adapter-latest.js文件，此文件如果过期了就自己百度找找吧。
  2. 将ws://192.168.1.60:9001/ws改为自己websocket服务所在电脑的ip地址，在本地启动则是本机地址
  3. 将iceServers中的ip改为coturn服务器所在ip地址
<html><head><title>Voice WebRTC demo</title></head><h1>WebRTC demo 1v1</h1><div id="buttons"><input id="zero-roomId" type="text" placeholder="请输入房间ID" maxlength="40"/><button id="joinBtn" type="button">加入</button><button id="leaveBtn" type="button">离开</button>    </div><div id="videos"><video id="localVideo" autoplay muted playsinline>本地窗口</video><video id="remoteVideo" autoplay playsinline>远端窗口</video></div><script src="js/main.js"></script><!-- 可直接引入在线js:https://webrtc.github.io/adapter/adapter-latest.js  --><script src="js/adapter-latest.js"></script>
</html>

'use strict';// join 主动加入房间
// leave 主动离开房间
// new-peer 有人加入房间，通知已经在房间的人
// peer-leave 有人离开房间，通知已经在房间的人
// offer 发送offer给对端peer
// answer发送offer给对端peer
// candidate 发送candidate给对端peer
const SIGNAL_TYPE_JOIN = "join";
const SIGNAL_TYPE_RESP_JOIN = "resp-join";  // 告知加入者对方是谁
const SIGNAL_TYPE_LEAVE = "leave";
const SIGNAL_TYPE_NEW_PEER = "new-peer";
const SIGNAL_TYPE_PEER_LEAVE = "peer-leave";
const SIGNAL_TYPE_OFFER = "offer";
const SIGNAL_TYPE_ANSWER = "answer";
const SIGNAL_TYPE_CANDIDATE = "candidate";var localUserId = Math.random().toString(36).substr(2); // 本地uid
var remoteUserId = -1;      // 对端
var roomId = 0;var localVideo = document.querySelector('#localVideo');
var remoteVideo = document.querySelector('#remoteVideo');
var localStream = null;
var remoteStream = null;
var pc = null;var zeroRTCEngine;function handleIceCandidate(event) {console.info("handleIceCandidate");if (event.candidate) {var candidateJson = {'label': event.candidate.sdpMLineIndex,'id': event.candidate.sdpMid,'candidate': event.candidate.candidate};var jsonMsg = {'cmd': SIGNAL_TYPE_CANDIDATE,'roomId': roomId,'uid': localUserId,'remoteUid':remoteUserId,'msg': JSON.stringify(candidateJson) };var message = JSON.stringify(jsonMsg);zeroRTCEngine.sendMessage(message);console.info("handleIceCandidate message: " + message);console.info("send candidate message");} else {console.warn("End of candidates");}
}function handleRemoteStreamAdd(event) {console.info("handleRemoteStreamAdd");remoteStream = event.streams[0];// 视频轨道// let videoTracks = remoteStream.getVideoTracks()// 音频轨道// let audioTracks = remoteStream.getAudioTracks()remoteVideo.srcObject = remoteStream;
}function handleConnectionStateChange() {if(pc != null) {console.info("ConnectionState -> " + pc.connectionState);}
}function handleIceConnectionStateChange() {if(pc != null) {console.info("IceConnectionState -> " + pc.iceConnectionState);}
}function createPeerConnection() {var defaultConfiguration = {  bundlePolicy: "max-bundle",rtcpMuxPolicy: "require",iceTransportPolicy:"all",//relay 或者 all// 修改ice数组测试效果，需要进行封装iceServers: [{"urls": ["turn:192.168.1.173:3478?transport=udp","turn:192.168.1.173:3478?transport=tcp"       // 可以插入多个进行备选],"username": "lqf","credential": "123456"},{"urls": ["stun:192.168.1.173:3478"]}]};pc = new RTCPeerConnection(defaultConfiguration); // 音视频通话的核心类pc.onicecandidate = handleIceCandidate;pc.ontrack = handleRemoteStreamAdd;pc.onconnectionstatechange = handleConnectionStateChange;pc.oniceconnectionstatechange = handleIceConnectionStateChangelocalStream.getTracks().forEach((track) => pc.addTrack(track, localStream)); // 把本地流设置给RTCPeerConnection
}function createOfferAndSendMessage(session) {pc.setLocalDescription(session).then(function () {var jsonMsg = {'cmd': 'offer','roomId': roomId,'uid': localUserId,'remoteUid': remoteUserId,'msg': JSON.stringify(session)};var message = JSON.stringify(jsonMsg);zeroRTCEngine.sendMessage(message);// console.info("send offer message: " + message);console.info("send offer message");}).catch(function (error) {console.error("offer setLocalDescription failed: " + error);});}function handleCreateOfferError(error) {console.error("handleCreateOfferError: " + error);
}function createAnswerAndSendMessage(session) {pc.setLocalDescription(session).then(function () {var jsonMsg = {'cmd': 'answer','roomId': roomId,'uid': localUserId,'remoteUid': remoteUserId,'msg': JSON.stringify(session)};var message = JSON.stringify(jsonMsg);zeroRTCEngine.sendMessage(message);// console.info("send answer message: " + message);console.info("send answer message");}).catch(function (error) {console.error("answer setLocalDescription failed: " + error);});}function handleCreateAnswerError(error) {console.error("handleCreateAnswerError: " + error);
}var ZeroRTCEngine = function (wsUrl) {this.init(wsUrl);zeroRTCEngine = this;return this;
}ZeroRTCEngine.prototype.init = function (wsUrl) {// 设置websocket  urlthis.wsUrl = wsUrl;/** websocket对象 */this.signaling = null;
}ZeroRTCEngine.prototype.createWebsocket = function () {zeroRTCEngine = this;zeroRTCEngine.signaling = new WebSocket(this.wsUrl);zeroRTCEngine.signaling.onopen = function () {zeroRTCEngine.onOpen();}zeroRTCEngine.signaling.onmessage = function (ev) {zeroRTCEngine.onMessage(ev);}zeroRTCEngine.signaling.onerror = function (ev) {zeroRTCEngine.onError(ev);}zeroRTCEngine.signaling.onclose = function (ev) {zeroRTCEngine.onClose(ev);}
}ZeroRTCEngine.prototype.onOpen = function () {console.log("websocket打开");
}
ZeroRTCEngine.prototype.onMessage = function (event) {console.log("websocket收到信息: " + event.data);var jsonMsg = null;try {jsonMsg = JSON.parse(event.data);} catch(e) {console.warn("onMessage parse Json failed:" + e);return;}switch (jsonMsg.cmd) {case SIGNAL_TYPE_NEW_PEER:handleRemoteNewPeer(jsonMsg);break;case SIGNAL_TYPE_RESP_JOIN:handleResponseJoin(jsonMsg);break;case SIGNAL_TYPE_PEER_LEAVE:handleRemotePeerLeave(jsonMsg);break;case SIGNAL_TYPE_OFFER:handleRemoteOffer(jsonMsg);break;case SIGNAL_TYPE_ANSWER:handleRemoteAnswer(jsonMsg);break;case SIGNAL_TYPE_CANDIDATE:handleRemoteCandidate(jsonMsg);break;}
}ZeroRTCEngine.prototype.onError = function (event) {console.log("onError: " + event.data);
}ZeroRTCEngine.prototype.onClose = function (event) {console.log("onClose -> code: " + event.code + ", reason:" + EventTarget.reason);
}ZeroRTCEngine.prototype.sendMessage = function (message) {this.signaling.send(message);
}function handleResponseJoin(message) {console.info("handleResponseJoin, remoteUid: " + message.remoteUid);remoteUserId = message.remoteUid;// doOffer();
}function handleRemotePeerLeave(message) {console.info("handleRemotePeerLeave, remoteUid: " + message.remoteUid);remoteVideo.srcObject = null;if(pc != null) {pc.close();pc = null;}
}function handleRemoteNewPeer(message) {console.info("处理远端新加入链接，并发送offer, remoteUid: " + message.remoteUid);remoteUserId = message.remoteUid;doOffer();
}function handleRemoteOffer(message) {console.info("handleRemoteOffer");if(pc == null) {createPeerConnection();}var desc = JSON.parse(message.msg);pc.setRemoteDescription(desc);doAnswer();
}function handleRemoteAnswer(message) {console.info("handleRemoteAnswer");var desc = JSON.parse(message.msg);pc.setRemoteDescription(desc);
}function handleRemoteCandidate(message) {console.info("handleRemoteCandidate");var jsonMsg = message.msg;if(typeof message.msg === "string"){jsonMsg = JSON.parse(message.msg);}var candidateMsg = {'sdpMLineIndex': jsonMsg.label,'sdpMid': jsonMsg.id,'candidate': jsonMsg.candidate};var candidate = new RTCIceCandidate(candidateMsg);pc.addIceCandidate(candidate).catch(e => {console.error("addIceCandidate failed:" + e.name);});
}function doOffer() {// 创建RTCPeerConnectionif (pc == null) {createPeerConnection();}// let options = {offerToReceiveVideo:true}// pc.createOffer(options).then(createOfferAndSendMessage).catch(handleCreateOfferError);pc.createOffer().then(createOfferAndSendMessage).catch(handleCreateOfferError);
}function doAnswer() {pc.createAnswer().then(createAnswerAndSendMessage).catch(handleCreateAnswerError);
}function doJoin(roomId) {var jsonMsg = {'cmd': 'join','roomId': roomId,'uid': localUserId,};var message = JSON.stringify(jsonMsg);zeroRTCEngine.sendMessage(message);console.info("doJoin message: " + message);
}function doLeave() {var jsonMsg = {'cmd': 'leave','roomId': roomId,'uid': localUserId,};var message = JSON.stringify(jsonMsg);zeroRTCEngine.sendMessage(message);console.info("doLeave message: " + message);hangup();
}function hangup() {localVideo.srcObject = null; // 0.关闭自己的本地显示remoteVideo.srcObject = null; // 1.不显示对方closeLocalStream(); // 2. 关闭本地流if(pc != null) {pc.close(); // 3.关闭RTCPeerConnectionpc = null;}
}function closeLocalStream() {if(localStream != null) {localStream.getTracks().forEach((track) => {track.stop();});}
}function openLocalStream(stream) {console.log('Open local stream');doJoin(roomId);localVideo.srcObject = stream;      // 显示画面localStream = stream;   // 保存本地流的句柄
}function initLocalStream() {navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia({audio: true,video: true}).then(openLocalStream).catch(function (e) {alert("getUserMedia() error: " + e.name);});
}
// zeroRTCEngine = new ZeroRTCEngine("wss://192.168.1.60:80/ws");
zeroRTCEngine = new ZeroRTCEngine("ws://192.168.1.60:9001/ws");
zeroRTCEngine.createWebsocket();document.getElementById('joinBtn').onclick = function () {roomId = document.getElementById('zero-roomId').value;if (roomId == "" || roomId == "请输入房间ID") {alert("请输入房间ID");return;}console.log("第一步：加入按钮被点击, roomId: " + roomId);// 初始化本地码流initLocalStream();
}document.getElementById('leaveBtn').onclick = function () {console.log("离开按钮被点击");doLeave();
}

5.2. 编写websocket服务

  1. 使用nodejs启动
var ws = require("nodejs-websocket")
var prort = 9001;// join 主动加入房间
// leave 主动离开房间
// new-peer 有人加入房间，通知已经在房间的人
// peer-leave 有人离开房间，通知已经在房间的人
// offer 发送offer给对端peer
// answer发送offer给对端peer
// candidate 发送candidate给对端peer
const SIGNAL_TYPE_JOIN = "join";
const SIGNAL_TYPE_RESP_JOIN = "resp-join";  // 告知加入者对方是谁
const SIGNAL_TYPE_LEAVE = "leave";
const SIGNAL_TYPE_NEW_PEER = "new-peer";
const SIGNAL_TYPE_PEER_LEAVE = "peer-leave";
const SIGNAL_TYPE_OFFER = "offer";
const SIGNAL_TYPE_ANSWER = "answer";
const SIGNAL_TYPE_CANDIDATE = "candidate";/** ----- ZeroRTCMap ----- */
var ZeroRTCMap = function () {this._entrys = new Array();this.put = function (key, value) {if (key == null || key == undefined) {return;}var index = this._getIndex(key);if (index == -1) {var entry = new Object();entry.key = key;entry.value = value;this._entrys[this._entrys.length] = entry;} else {this._entrys[index].value = value;}};this.get = function (key) {var index = this._getIndex(key);return (index != -1) ? this._entrys[index].value : null;};this.remove = function (key) {var index = this._getIndex(key);if (index != -1) {this._entrys.splice(index, 1);}};this.clear = function () {this._entrys.length = 0;};this.contains = function (key) {var index = this._getIndex(key);return (index != -1) ? true : false;};this.size = function () {return this._entrys.length;};this.getEntrys = function () {return this._entrys;};this._getIndex = function (key) {if (key == null || key == undefined) {return -1;}var _length = this._entrys.length;for (var i = 0; i < _length; i++) {var entry = this._entrys[i];if (entry == null || entry == undefined) {continue;}if (entry.key === key) {// equalreturn i;}}return -1;};
}var roomTableMap = new ZeroRTCMap();function Client(uid, conn, roomId) {this.uid = uid;     // 用户所属的idthis.conn = conn;   // uid对应的websocket连接this.roomId = roomId;
}function handleJoin(message, conn) {var roomId = message.roomId;var uid = message.uid;console.info("uid: " + uid + "try to join room " + roomId);var roomMap = roomTableMap.get(roomId);if (roomMap == null) {roomMap = new  ZeroRTCMap();        // 如果房间没有创建，则新创建一个房间roomTableMap.put(roomId, roomMap);}if(roomMap.size() >= 2) {console.error("roomId:" + roomId + " 已经有两人存在，请使用其他房间");// 加信令通知客户端，房间已满return null;}var client = new Client(uid, conn, roomId);roomMap.put(uid, client);if(roomMap.size() > 1) {// 房间里面已经有人了，加上新进来的人，那就是>=2了，所以要通知对方var clients = roomMap.getEntrys();for(var i in clients) {var remoteUid = clients[i].key;if (remoteUid != uid) {var jsonMsg = {'cmd': SIGNAL_TYPE_NEW_PEER,'remoteUid': uid};var msg = JSON.stringify(jsonMsg);var remoteClient =roomMap.get(remoteUid);console.info("new-peer: " + msg);remoteClient.conn.sendText(msg);jsonMsg = {'cmd':SIGNAL_TYPE_RESP_JOIN,'remoteUid': remoteUid};msg = JSON.stringify(jsonMsg);console.info("resp-join: " + msg);conn.sendText(msg);}}}return client;
}function handleLeave(message) {var roomId = message.roomId;var uid = message.uid;var roomMap = roomTableMap.get(roomId);if (roomMap == null) {console.error("handleLeave can't find then roomId " + roomId);return;}if (!roomMap.contains(uid)) {console.info("uid: " + uid +" have leave roomId " + roomId);return;}console.info("uid: " + uid + " leave room " + roomId);roomMap.remove(uid);        // 删除发送者if(roomMap.size() >= 1) {var clients = roomMap.getEntrys();for(var i in clients) {var jsonMsg = {'cmd': 'peer-leave','remoteUid': uid // 谁离开就填写谁};var msg = JSON.stringify(jsonMsg);var remoteUid = clients[i].key;var remoteClient = roomMap.get(remoteUid);if(remoteClient) {console.info("notify peer:" + remoteClient.uid + ", uid:" + uid + " leave");remoteClient.conn.sendText(msg);}}}
}function handleForceLeave(client) {var roomId = client.roomId;var uid = client.uid;// 1. 先查找房间号var roomMap = roomTableMap.get(roomId);if (roomMap == null) {console.warn("handleForceLeave can't find then roomId " + roomId);return;}// 2. 判别uid是否在房间if (!roomMap.contains(uid)) {console.info("uid: " + uid +" have leave roomId " + roomId);return;}// 3.走到这一步，说明客户端没有正常离开，所以我们要执行离开程序console.info("uid: " + uid + " force leave room " + roomId);roomMap.remove(uid);        // 删除发送者if(roomMap.size() >= 1) {var clients = roomMap.getEntrys();for(var i in clients) {var jsonMsg = {'cmd': 'peer-leave','remoteUid': uid // 谁离开就填写谁};var msg = JSON.stringify(jsonMsg);var remoteUid = clients[i].key;var remoteClient = roomMap.get(remoteUid);if(remoteClient) {console.info("notify peer:" + remoteClient.uid + ", uid:" + uid + " leave");remoteClient.conn.sendText(msg);}}}
}function handleOffer(message) {var roomId = message.roomId;var uid = message.uid;var remoteUid = message.remoteUid;console.info("handleOffer uid: " + uid + "transfer  offer  to remoteUid" + remoteUid);var roomMap = roomTableMap.get(roomId);if (roomMap == null) {console.error("handleOffer can't find then roomId " + roomId);return;}if(roomMap.get(uid) == null) {console.error("handleOffer can't find then uid " + uid);return;}var remoteClient = roomMap.get(remoteUid);if(remoteClient) {var msg = JSON.stringify(message);remoteClient.conn.sendText(msg);    //把数据发送给对方} else {console.error("can't find remoteUid： " + remoteUid);}
}function handleAnswer(message) {var roomId = message.roomId;var uid = message.uid;var remoteUid = message.remoteUid;console.info("handleAnswer uid: " + uid + "transfer answer  to remoteUid" + remoteUid);var roomMap = roomTableMap.get(roomId);if (roomMap == null) {console.error("handleAnswer can't find then roomId " + roomId);return;}if(roomMap.get(uid) == null) {console.error("handleAnswer can't find then uid " + uid);return;}var remoteClient = roomMap.get(remoteUid);if(remoteClient) {var msg = JSON.stringify(message);remoteClient.conn.sendText(msg);} else {console.error("can't find remoteUid： " + remoteUid);}
}function handleCandidate(message) {var roomId = message.roomId;var uid = message.uid;var remoteUid = message.remoteUid;console.info("处理Candidate uid: " + uid + "transfer candidate  to remoteUid" + remoteUid);var roomMap = roomTableMap.get(roomId);if (roomMap == null) {console.error("handleCandidate can't find then roomId " + roomId);return;}if(roomMap.get(uid) == null) {console.error("handleCandidate can't find then uid " + uid);return;}var remoteClient = roomMap.get(remoteUid);if(remoteClient) {var msg = JSON.stringify(message);remoteClient.conn.sendText(msg);} else {console.error("can't find remoteUid： " + remoteUid);}
}
// 创建监听9001端口webSocket服务
var server = ws.createServer(function(conn){console.log("创建一个新的连接--------")conn.client = null; // 对应的客户端信息// conn.sendText("我收到你的连接了....");conn.on("text", function(str) {// console.info("recv msg:" + str);var jsonMsg = JSON.parse(str);switch (jsonMsg.cmd) {case SIGNAL_TYPE_JOIN:conn.client = handleJoin(jsonMsg, conn);break;case SIGNAL_TYPE_LEAVE:handleLeave(jsonMsg);break;case SIGNAL_TYPE_OFFER:handleOffer(jsonMsg);break;   case SIGNAL_TYPE_ANSWER:handleAnswer(jsonMsg);break; case SIGNAL_TYPE_CANDIDATE:handleCandidate(jsonMsg);break;      }});conn.on("close", function(code, reason) {console.info("连接关闭 code: " + code + ", reason: " + reason);if(conn.client != null) {// 强制让客户端从房间退出handleForceLeave(conn.client);}});conn.on("error", function(err) {console.info("监听到错误:" + err);});
}).listen(prort);

6. 参考文档

  1. WebRtc接口参考
  2. WebRTC 传输协议详解
  3. WebRTC的学习(java版本信令服务)
  4. Android webrtc实战（一）录制本地视频并播放，附带详细的基础知识讲解
  5. webSocket(wss)出现连接失败的问题解决方法
  6. 最重要的是这个，完整听了课程：2023最新Webrtc基础教程合集，涵盖所有核心内容（Nodejs+vscode+coturn
http://www.dinnco.com/news/45286.html

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