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conan2 基础入门(04)-指定编译器(gcc为例)

⭐准备

生成profile文件

# 生成默认profile文件，名字为`default`
# --force 表示强制生成，即若原来有`default`会被覆盖
# --name 表示指定生成名称
conan profile detect
conan profile detect --force
conan profile detect --name <指定名称># 查看名为`default`的profile文件的路径
conan profile path default
conan profile path <名称># 查看已经存在的eprofile
conan profile list

预备文件和Code

profile文件：mygcc。

可以用命令生成，也可以直接复制一份已存在的profile，或者直接自己新建一个空白文件都行。

并修改成如下的配置，注意，请根据自己平台的gcc进行配置。

注意：不同编译器的具体compiler参数是不一样的。具体参见配置目录下的settings.yml。

conan profile detect --name "mygcc"

[settings]
arch=x86_64
build_type=Release
compiler=gcc
compiler.cppstd=17
compiler.version=11
compiler.libcxx=libstdc++11
os=Windows

# 本文使用gcc版本
gcc (x86_64-posix-seh-rev3, Built by MinGW-W64 project) 11.2.0

文件名预览

:.
│  CMakeLists.txt
│  conanfile.txt
└─ main.cpp

main.cpp

#include <iostream>#include "zlib.h"void test_env() {std::cout << ">>>" << __func__ << std::endl;std::cout << "sizeof(void*) = " << sizeof(void *) << std::endl;
#if defined(__VERSION__)std::cout << "__VERSION__ = " << __VERSION__ << std::endl;
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)std::cout << "_MSC_VER = " << _MSC_VER << std::endl;
#endif
}void test_zlib(void) {std::cout << ">>>" << __func__ << std::endl;char buffer_in[256] = {"Conan is a MIT-licensed, Open Source package manager for C and C++ development""for C and C++ development, allowing development teams to easily and efficiently""manage their packages and dependencies across platforms and build systems."};char buffer_out[256] = {0};z_stream defstream;defstream.zalloc    = Z_NULL;defstream.zfree     = Z_NULL;defstream.opaque    = Z_NULL;defstream.avail_in  = (uInt)strlen(buffer_in);defstream.next_in   = (Bytef *)buffer_in;defstream.avail_out = (uInt)sizeof(buffer_out);defstream.next_out  = (Bytef *)buffer_out;deflateInit(&defstream, Z_BEST_COMPRESSION);deflate(&defstream, Z_FINISH);deflateEnd(&defstream);printf("Uncompressed size is: %lu\n", strlen(buffer_in));printf("Compressed size is: %lu\n", strlen(buffer_out));printf("ZLIB VERSION: %s\n", zlibVersion());
}int main(void) {test_env();test_zlib();
}

CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15)
project(mydemo CXX)set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/bin)find_package(ZLIB REQUIRED)add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} main.cpp)target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} ZLIB::ZLIB)

conanfile.txt

[requires]
zlib/1.3.1[generators]
CMakeDeps
CMakeToolchain

⭐使用

指令预览

流程化指令，run.bat

如果你和上文中的代码和配置文件编写一致，请无脑直接操作以下命令。

conan install . --output-folder=build --build=missing --profile:host=mygcc --profile:build=mygcccd buildcmake .. -G "MinGW Makefiles" -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE="conan_toolchain.cmake" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE="Release"cmake --build . --config Releasecd ../binmydemo.exe

正确执行结果

>>>test_env
sizeof(void*) = 8
__VERSION__ = 11.2.0
>>>test_zlib
Uncompressed size is: 231
Compressed size is: 19
ZLIB VERSION: 1.3.1

可能出现的问题

• profile文件的参数错误，见附录
• 有中文路径
• 指令缺失
• release&debug模式没匹配

⭐具体讲解

conan

指定profile

在install命令下添加--profile

conan install . --output-folder=build --build=missing --profile=mygcc
conan install . --output-folder=build --build=missing --profile:host=mygcc --profile:build=mygcc

这里的第二条分别制定了host和build。

• host 表示目标平台

• build 表示当前平台

一般这个在交叉编译时非常重要。在本示例中可以不指定。

若不指定，经测试host为mygcc配置，build为default状态。

cmake

这里使用mingw32-make。注意在生成时区别于使用msvc时，需要指定-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE="Release"。

cmake .. -G "MinGW Makefiles" -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE="conan_toolchain.cmake" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE="Release"cmake --build . --config Release

---

---

---

END

settings.yml

# 在配置home下的 `settings.yml`
conan config homeC:\Users\{用户名}\.conan2\settings.yml

# This file was generated by Conan. Remove this comment if you edit this file or Conan
# will destroy your changes.
os:Windows:subsystem: [null, cygwin, msys, msys2, wsl]WindowsStore:version: ["8.1", "10.0"]WindowsCE:platform: [ANY]version: ["5.0", "6.0", "7.0", "8.0"]Linux:iOS:version: &ios_version["7.0", "7.1", "8.0", "8.1", "8.2", "8.3", "9.0", "9.1", "9.2", "9.3", "10.0", "10.1", "10.2", "10.3","11.0", "11.1", "11.2", "11.3", "11.4", "12.0", "12.1", "12.2", "12.3", "12.4","13.0", "13.1", "13.2", "13.3", "13.4", "13.5", "13.6", "13.7","14.0", "14.1", "14.2", "14.3", "14.4", "14.5", "14.6", "14.7", "14.8","15.0", "15.1", "15.2", "15.3", "15.4", "15.5", "15.6", "16.0", "16.1","16.2", "16.3", "16.4", "16.5", "16.6", "17.0", "17.1"]sdk: ["iphoneos", "iphonesimulator"]sdk_version: [null, "11.3", "11.4", "12.0", "12.1", "12.2", "12.4","13.0", "13.1", "13.2", "13.4", "13.5", "13.6", "13.7","14.0", "14.1", "14.2", "14.3", "14.4", "14.5", "15.0", "15.2", "15.4","15.5", "16.0", "16.1", "16.2", "16.4", "17.0", "17.1"]watchOS:version: ["4.0", "4.1", "4.2", "4.3", "5.0", "5.1", "5.2", "5.3", "6.0", "6.1", "6.2","7.0", "7.1", "7.2", "7.3", "7.4", "7.5", "7.6", "8.0", "8.1", "8.3", "8.4","8.5", "8.6", "8.7", "9.0", "9.1", "9.2", "9.3", "9.4", "9.5", "9.6","10.0", "10.1"]sdk: ["watchos", "watchsimulator"]sdk_version: [null, "4.3", "5.0", "5.1", "5.2", "5.3", "6.0", "6.1", "6.2","7.0", "7.1", "7.2", "7.4", "8.0", "8.0.1", "8.3", "8.5", "9.0", "9.1","9.4", "10.0", "10.1"]tvOS:version: ["11.0", "11.1", "11.2", "11.3", "11.4", "12.0", "12.1", "12.2", "12.3", "12.4","13.0", "13.2", "13.3", "13.4", "14.0", "14.2", "14.3", "14.4", "14.5","14.6", "14.7", "15.0", "15.1", "15.2", "15.3", "15.4", "15.5", "15.6","16.0", "16.1", "16.2", "16.3", "16.4", "16.5", "16.6", "17.0", "17.1"]sdk: ["appletvos", "appletvsimulator"]sdk_version: [null, "11.3", "11.4", "12.0", "12.1", "12.2", "12.4","13.0", "13.1", "13.2", "13.4", "14.0", "14.2", "14.3", "14.5", "15.0","15.2", "15.4", "16.0", "16.1", "16.4", "17.0", "17.1"]visionOS:version: ["1.0"]sdk: ["xros", "xrsimulator"]sdk_version: [null, "1.0"]Macos:version: [null, "10.6", "10.7", "10.8", "10.9", "10.10", "10.11", "10.12", "10.13", "10.14", "10.15","11.0", "11.1", "11.2", "11.3", "11.4", "11.5", "11.6", "11.7","12.0", "12.1", "12.2", "12.3", "12.4", "12.5", "12.6", "12.7","13.0", "13.1", "13.2", "13.3", "13.4", "13.5", "13.6","14.0", "14.1", "14.2", "14.3", "14.4"]sdk_version: [null, "10.13", "10.14", "10.15", "11.0", "11.1", "11.3", "12.0", "12.1","12.3", "13.0", "13.1", "13.3", "14.0"]subsystem:null:catalyst:ios_version: *ios_versionAndroid:api_level: [ANY]FreeBSD:SunOS:AIX:Arduino:board: [ANY]Emscripten:Neutrino:version: ["6.4", "6.5", "6.6", "7.0", "7.1"]baremetal:VxWorks:version: ["7"]
arch: [x86, x86_64, ppc32be, ppc32, ppc64le, ppc64,armv4, armv4i, armv5el, armv5hf, armv6, armv7, armv7hf, armv7s, armv7k, armv8, armv8_32, armv8.3, arm64ec,sparc, sparcv9,mips, mips64, avr, s390, s390x, asm.js, wasm, sh4le,e2k-v2, e2k-v3, e2k-v4, e2k-v5, e2k-v6, e2k-v7,riscv64, riscv32,xtensalx6, xtensalx106, xtensalx7]
compiler:sun-cc:version: ["5.10", "5.11", "5.12", "5.13", "5.14", "5.15"]threads: [null, posix]libcxx: [libCstd, libstdcxx, libstlport, libstdc++]gcc:version: ["4.1", "4.4", "4.5", "4.6", "4.7", "4.8", "4.9","5", "5.1", "5.2", "5.3", "5.4", "5.5","6", "6.1", "6.2", "6.3", "6.4", "6.5","7", "7.1", "7.2", "7.3", "7.4", "7.5","8", "8.1", "8.2", "8.3", "8.4", "8.5","9", "9.1", "9.2", "9.3", "9.4", "9.5","10", "10.1", "10.2", "10.3", "10.4", "10.5","11", "11.1", "11.2", "11.3", "11.4","12", "12.1", "12.2", "12.3","13", "13.1", "13.2"]libcxx: [libstdc++, libstdc++11]threads: [null, posix, win32]  # Windows MinGWexception: [null, dwarf2, sjlj, seh]  # Windows MinGWcppstd: [null, 98, gnu98, 11, gnu11, 14, gnu14, 17, gnu17, 20, gnu20, 23, gnu23]msvc:version: [170, 180, 190, 191, 192, 193]update: [null, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]runtime: [static, dynamic]runtime_type: [Debug, Release]cppstd: [null, 14, 17, 20, 23]toolset: [null, v110_xp, v120_xp, v140_xp, v141_xp]clang:version: ["3.3", "3.4", "3.5", "3.6", "3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "4.0","5.0", "6.0", "7.0", "7.1","8", "9", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18"]libcxx: [null, libstdc++, libstdc++11, libc++, c++_shared, c++_static]cppstd: [null, 98, gnu98, 11, gnu11, 14, gnu14, 17, gnu17, 20, gnu20, 23, gnu23]runtime: [null, static, dynamic]runtime_type: [null, Debug, Release]runtime_version: [null, v140, v141, v142, v143]apple-clang:version: ["5.0", "5.1", "6.0", "6.1", "7.0", "7.3", "8.0", "8.1", "9.0", "9.1","10.0", "11.0", "12.0", "13", "13.0", "13.1", "14", "14.0", "15", "15.0"]libcxx: [libstdc++, libc++]cppstd: [null, 98, gnu98, 11, gnu11, 14, gnu14, 17, gnu17, 20, gnu20, 23, gnu23]intel-cc:version: ["2021.1", "2021.2", "2021.3", "2021.4", "2022.1", "2022.2","2022.3", "2023.0", "2023.1", "2023.2", "2024.0",]update: [null, ANY]mode: ["icx", "classic", "dpcpp"]libcxx: [null, libstdc++, libstdc++11, libc++]cppstd: [null, 98, gnu98, "03", gnu03, 11, gnu11, 14, gnu14, 17, gnu17, 20, gnu20, 23, gnu23]runtime: [null, static, dynamic]runtime_type: [null, Debug, Release]qcc:version: ["4.4", "5.4", "8.3"]libcxx: [cxx, gpp, cpp, cpp-ne, accp, acpp-ne, ecpp, ecpp-ne]cppstd: [null, 98, gnu98, 11, gnu11, 14, gnu14, 17, gnu17]mcst-lcc:version: ["1.19", "1.20", "1.21", "1.22", "1.23", "1.24", "1.25"]libcxx: [libstdc++, libstdc++11]cppstd: [null, 98, gnu98, 11, gnu11, 14, gnu14, 17, gnu17, 20, gnu20, 23, gnu23]build_type: [null, Debug, Release, RelWithDebInfo, MinSizeRel]

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